တရုတ်ကူမြူနစ်ပါတီ အထွေထွေအတွင်းရေးမှုး ကျောက်ကျိယန် လ ျှို့ဝှက်မှတ်တမ်း
တရုတ်ကူမြူနစ်ပါတီ အကြီးအကဲဟောင်းမှ ၁၉၈၉ ခုနှစ် တိန်အင်န်မင်ရင်ပြင် လူသတ်ပွဲအား ရှုံ့ချပြီး အနောက်တိုင်းပုံစံ ဒီမိုကရေစီစနစ်ကို ချီးမွှမ်းလိုက်ခြင်း …… ။။။။။။။
တင်းကြပ်တဲ့ စောင့်ကြည့်မှုးများအောက် နေရပြီး တွေ့သမျလူအားလုံးကို ပို်က်စိပ်တိုက် ရှာဖွေစစေ်ဆး နောက်ယောင်ခှုံမှုကြောင့် လ ျှို့ဝှက်စွာ အသံသွင်းတဲ့ သူ့မှတ်တမ်းအကြောင်း မိသားစုဝင်များပင် သတိမပြုမိခဲ့ကြပေ။ ပီကင်းအော်ပရာ နှင့် ခလေးသီချင်း တိပ်ခွေများတွင် နာရီ၃ဝကြာ သွင်းထားတဲ့ တိပ်ခွေများအား ၂၀၀ဝ ခုနှစ်တဝိုက် အသံသွင်းယူသည်။ ထိုတိပ်ခွေ ၃ဝကို ထိပ်တန်းအရာရှိခေါင်းဆောင်ဟောင်း ၃ဦးက တရုတ်ပြည်မှ နောက်ပိုင်းတွင် ခိုးထုတ်လာခဲ့ကြသည်။ ။။။ ။။။။
ကျောက် ရိုက်ချိုးခံရလို့ နာကြည်းမုန်းတီးနေမည်၊ အနည်းဆုံးတော့ များပြားပြင်းထန်လှတဲ့ ထောက်လှမ်းရေး စနစ်အောက် တိန်အင်န်မင် အရေးအခင်းနဲ့ ပတ်သက်လို့ နောက်ဆုံးစကား တခွန်းတလေတောင် သူ မထုတ်ပြန်နိုင်တော့ဘူး လူတွေ ထင်ခဲ့ကြတယ်။ ဒါပေမဲ့ သူ လုပ်ပြနိုင်ခဲ့တယ်.. ဘယ်သူမှ မသိလိုက်ကြ လို့ အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာ အယ်ဒီတာ Adi Ignatius မှ ဂါးဒီယန်း သတင်းစာသို့ မှတ်ချက်ပြုသည်။ တိန်အင်န်မင် ဖြစ်ရပ်ဟာ အဲသလို အဆုံးသတ်ဖို့ မဟုတ်ကြောင်း၊ ထိပ်ပိုင်းအဆင့် အာဏာလွန်ဆွဲပွဲတခု ဖြစ်ကြောင်း၊ အစိုးရ ဝါဒဖြန့်ချက် လှိုင်းကြလေထထန် သမိုင်းဖြစ်ရပ်မှန် အကြမ်းဖက် သူပုန်ထမှုနဲ့ လားလားမျှမဆိုင်ကြောင်း လူတွေကို အမှတ်ရစေလိမ့်မည်။ ။။။။။။
မဟုတ်တရုတ် ဗကပကြေးမုံဂျီးအား အပြတ်တီးမည့် သာကီဝင် မြန်တြံ့ကြောင်ကြီး <3 <3 <3
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ဦးကြောင်ကြီး
December 19, 2017 at 8:53 am
Secret Tiananmen Square memoirs of Chinese party leader to be published
Former Communist chief denounces 1989 massacre and praises western-style democracy
Former reformist Communist Party general secretary Zhao Ziyang in 1994.
Zhao Ziyang reads a newspaper in the garden of his home in central Beijing, in 1994. Photograph: Reuters
Tania Branigan in Beijing
Thursday 14 May 2009 08.06 EDT
First published on Thursday 14 May 2009 08.06 EDT
This article is 8 years old
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The secretly recorded memoirs of the Chinese Communist party leader who was ousted for sympathising with the students during the 1989 pro-democracy demonstrations in Tiananmen Square have been released four years after his death.
In tapes secretly recorded during his 16 years under house arrest, Zhao Ziyang, the former head of the Communist party, denounced the killing of protesters as a “tragedy”, and challenged the party’s subsequent rejection of democratic reforms.
The tapes were smuggled out of China and will be published in English and Chinese this month – as Prisoner of the State: The secret Journal of Zhao Ziyang – days before the 20th anniversary of the massacre.
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In them, he praised western-style democracy and insisted that the activists were not attempting to overthrow the system, according to extracts obtained by Reuters.
“On the night of June 3rd [1989], while sitting in the courtyard with my family, I heard intense gunfire,” wrote Zhao, according to Reuters. “A tragedy to shock the world had not been averted.”
He added: “I had said at the time that most people were only asking us to correct our flaws, not attempting to overthrow our political system.”
Economic and political reforms had led to increasing struggles between hardliners and reformists in the party leadership. The 1989 demonstrations raised the stakes and pushed the arguments to their climax.
When Deng Xiaoping, who held power behind the scenes, backed hardliners and the leadership agreed to impose martial law, only Zhao dissented.
“I told myself that no matter what, I refused to become the [Communist party] general secretary who mobilised the military to crack down on students,” he said in the memoirs.
He also looked to the future in his recordings, praising western parliamentary democracy, and warning: “If we don’t move toward this goal, it will be impossible to resolve the abnormal conditions in China’s market economy.”
Zhao, who was kept under intense surveillance at his home after his downfall and whose excursions and visitors were vetted, recorded his memoirs in such secrecy that even family members were unaware of his project.
He recorded about 30 hours, on Peking Opera [school] and children’s music tapes, in or around the year 2000. The 30 tapes were later smuggled out of China by three former high-ranking officials.
“People thought Zhao was probably broken and bitter and at the very least had so much surveillance there was no way he could have offered his final word on Tiananmen. But he had – and nobody knew,” Adi Ignatius, one of the editors of the English language edition, told the Guardian.
“It will remind people that Tiananmen did not have to end up as it did; it was a power struggle at the top level – nothing to do with putting down a violent rebellion.”
Concerns over news of the project leaking were so great that publishers Simon and Schuster listed it as Untitled by Anonymous in their catalogue.
“There was real concern about security, because if Chinese officials had found out early they would have used whatever means they had to make sure this didn’t appear. It wasn’t just commercial reasons,” Ignatius added.
Although the book is certain to be banned on the mainland, Ignatius said he believed some of its content would spread through the internet or bootleg editions.
Bao Pu, the Hong Kong-based publisher of the book’s Chinese edition and son of Zhao’s former top aide, said: “There were no instructions [but] the fact he did this shows very clearly that he wanted his version of the story to survive.
“The material was very dense; he had actually prepared before he started recording and we think he had a draft [text] from as early as 1993.”
He added: “I hope it will have a direct impact on politics in China; politicians are going to be reading this and reflecting.”
Bao’s father, Bao Tong, the most senior official jailed over the 1989 protests, told Reuters: “I think it will cause party members to reflect deeply. I think it’s slightly more likely that senior leaders would read this book. It will give them a lot to think about, and cause them to think about the party’s basic survival.”
He said he was “100% certain” the voice on an audio recording was Zhao’s. Reuters gave him earphones so he could listen to excerpts during an interview at a Beijing hotel restaurant, to which he was followed. He lives under round-the-clock surveillance in the Chinese capital. Zhao’s family declined requests for interviews.
The memoirs will also shape the legacy of Deng. Although Zhao was nominally the highest-ranking party official, Deng remained in de facto control behind the scenes, as the leader among the party elders.
“Deng had always stood out among the party elders as the one who emphasised the means of dictatorship. He often reminded people about its usefulness,” says Zhao, in a rebuttal of the idea that Deng was swayed by hardliners in 1989.
Deng’s notions of democracy “were no more than empty words”, he suggested, according to Reuters.
Ignatius said the book also showed the depth of Zhao’s role in creating economic reforms for which Deng has received credit.
Thint Aye Yeik
December 19, 2017 at 9:38 am
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