စီအိုင်အေ CIA နဲ့ ”ဝီးကီး” စွယ်စုံ (Wikipedia) တို့ မြင်တဲ့ Bhutan ဘူတန်နိုင်ငံ ကုန်သွယ်ရေး II
Kyaemon
အဆက်
ဘူတန် နိုင်ငံအကြောင်း တစေ့တစောင်း လေ့လာ ရအောင်
ဘူတန်နိုင်ငံရှိအိန်ဒိယသံရုံးရဲ့ဝက်ဆိုဒ် က အစီရင်ခံစာ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်၊
၂၀၀၉-၂၀၁ဝ အကြားကဖြစ်ဘို့ခန့်မှန်း ရပါတယ်၊
သူများနိုင်ငံတွေ ဘယ်လိုလုပ်ကြသလဲ?
ဘာတွေလုပ်ပြီးလို့ ?
ဘာတွေဆက်လုပ်နေတာလဲ?
စပ်စုရအောင်၊
ရေကာတာ ၄ ခု နဲ့ အင်းဂတေ စက်ရုံ ၂ လုံး
(လုပ်ပြီး နဲ့လုပ်ဆဲ ) အကြောင်းအရာ အသေးစိတ် တွေ ပါ ကြတာ၊
မတ်လ၂၀၀၉ က နယူးဒေလီ အစည်းအဝေး အရ၊ ၂၀၂ဝ နှစ်မှာ ဆိုရင်
၁၀၀၀ဝ MW မီဂါ ဝက်ဒ် ဓာတ်အား ကို ထုတ်လုပ် နိုင်ဘို့
ရေကာတာ စီမံကိန်း (၁၀) ခု ကိုသဘောတူစာချုပ်ကြတာ၊
http://www.indianembassythimphu.bt/mega.html
Mega Projects
GoI assistance under various Five Year Plans does not include India’s funding of mega projects like hydroelectric power projects, Penden and Dungsam cement projects, Hashimara-Phuentsholing Railway Line (the “Golden Jubilee Rail Line”), ‘Total Solutions Project’ (for capacity building in ICT sector and establishment of Bhutan Institute of Medical Sciences). GOI has agreed to provide assistance to Bhutan in developing the hydropower sector and to purchase at least 10,000 MW of power from Bhutan by 2020. During his address to the Joint Session of the Parliament of Bhutan in May 2008, Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh informed that the total bilateral economic engagement with Bhutan (including mega projects) over the next five years to be of the order of Rs./ Nu. 100 billion.
For developing 10,000 MW of power from Bhutan by 2020, ten hydropower projects have been agreed during the first Empowered Joint Group (EJG) Meeting held in Delhi in March 2009. Of these 10 projects, the agreement on the implementation of the Punatsangchhu-I Hydro Electric Project was signed between the two governments on 28th July 2007, while the DPRs (Detailed Project Reports) for Punatsangchhu -II and Mangedechu Hydroelectric projects have been completed and implementation agreements for these two projects is expected to be signed shortly. The agreement for preparation/ updation of DPRs the Amochhu Reservoir Hydroelectric Project (HEP), the Kuri Gongri HEP, the Chamkharchhu-I HEP and the Kholongchhu HEP have been signed. For other 3 projects (Sunkosh Reservoir, Wangchu Reservoir and Bunakha Reservoir), these are yet to be signed.
Some of completed/ ongoing GOI-assisted Mega Projects are:
Chukha Hydroelectric Project (CHEP)
CHEP, a 336 MW project, located on Wangchu river in Chukha district was built by India on a turnkey basis at a remarkably low cost of Rs. 2460 million. The project has been earning precious revenue for Bhutan through export of electricity to India and has a significant share in the internal revenue generation of the RGoB. In 2008, it exported electricity worth Rs. 372.45 crores to India. The Chukha Hydropower Corporation now runs the project.
Kurichhu Hydro-Electric Project is a run-of-the-river 60 MW project located on Kurichhu river in Mongar district funded by GOI at a revised cost of Rs. 560 crore (60% grant and 40% loan at low interest rate). The project was established with the objective of providing sufficient and reliable power to eight eastern Dzongkhags to bring about fast socio-economic development in the region. The project was formally inaugurated jointly by the Tongsa Penlop His Royal Highness Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck and Ambassador Sudhir Vyas in April 2006.
WAPCOS of India prepared the Detailed Project Report for the Kurichhu Hydroelectric Project and M/s National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (India) Limited (NHPC) prepared the Pre-Construction Report.
A Kurichhu Project Authority (KPA) was constituted for overseeing and monitoring the construction. KPA signed a turnkey agreement with the NHPC in 1995 for execution of the project, with WAPCOS as the Review Consultants. Hindustan Construction Company (HCC), Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL), Larsen & Toubro (L&T), and Gammon (India) Ltd were involved in executing civil and electrical works. All four units have been commissioned. Surplus power is exported to India. Kurichhu earned Rs. 34.90 crore as revenue from export of electricity to India in 2008.
Tala Hydro-electric Project
A run-of-the-river 1020 MW project on the Wangchu river, downstream of Chukha Hydroelectric project, funded by GOI with 60% as grant and 40% at low interest rate at the revised cost of Rs 4126 crores. It comprises a 92m high concrete dam, a 22.2 km long water conductor system (Head Race Tunnel), and underground power house with 6 generating units of 170 MW each, and three 440 KV single-circuit transmission lines to the India-Bhutan border.
Water and Power Consultancy Services (WAPCOS) of India designed the project, in association with Central Electricity Authority, Central Water Commission, Geological Survey of India and other GOI agencies. WAPCOS are also the consultant to the project. A bilateral agreement for the execution of the project was signed in 1996. Subsequently, an 8-member Tala Hydro-electric Project Authority (THPA) chaired by Bhutan’s Minister for Trade and Industry, was constituted to oversee the monitoring and execution of the project. The last (28th) meeting of the THPA was held in August 2009.
All six units were commissioned during 2006-07. Surplus power is exported to India. The project generated revenue of Rs. 728.783 crores during July 2008 – June 2009.
Punatsangchhu-I Hydroelectric Project
A run-of-the-river 1200 MW project on the Punatsangchhu river located between 7 KM and 18.5 KM downstream of Wangdue Phodrang Bridge. Agreement on its implementation signed on 28th July 2007 in Thimphu. The project is being funded by the Government of India with 40% grant and 60% loan at an interest of 10% at the estimated cost of Rs. 3815 crores (December 2006 price level). Construction of the project commenced in Nov 08 and expected completion is by Nov 2015.
Water and Power Consultancy Services (WAPCOS) of India prepared DPR for the project. WAPCOS are also the consultant to the project. Main civil and electro-mechanical works have been awarded to Hindustan Construction Company (HCC), Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL), Larsen & Toubro (L&T), and Gammon (India) Ltd. A Punatsangchhu Hydro-electric Project Authority (PHPA) has been constituted to oversee the monitoring and execution of the project.
All six units were commissioned during 2006-07. Surplus power is exported to India. The project generated revenue of Rs. 728.783 crores during July 2008 – June 2009.
Dungsam Cement Plant
Dungsam Cement Plant is a dry- process plant with an annual capacity of 1 million ton per year, located at Nganglam in south-eastern Bhutan for which India provided Rs. 300 crore and agreed to build required road and rail infrastructure. The various activities of the project are in full swing and the cement production would commence from September 2011.
Penden
Located in Samtse district on Indo-Bhutan border, the Plant with an initial capacity of 300 ton per day was funded and built with Indian assistance at a cost of Rs 142 million. It started trial production in 1980 and went commercial in 1982, having an initial capacity of 300 ton per day. Besides meeting the entire domestic requirement of Bhutan, surplus is sold to neighbouring Indian States. Working at its optimum capacity, the cement factory has contributed handsomely to the government exchequer (Nu 807.0 million in 2005).
TALA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
http://www.tristarglobal.in/project-detail.aspx?Ppage=&ID=42
Start Date : Saturday, March 29, 2003
Completion Date : Tuesday, January 30, 2007
Client Name : Tala Hydroelectric Project Authority Gedu, Bhutan
Approximate Contract Value : 400000000
The Tala Hydroelectric Project is being implemented as a part of a bilateral trade agreement between Govt. of India & Royal Government of Bhutan.The entire project implementation/construction is being
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Druk Green at Work
Druk Green: Druk Green at Work
http://www.drukgreen.bt/Article.aspx?a=628&c=223
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၂၀၀၂ မှာ တဆင့်ကိုပြီးလို့ စတင်သုံးတာ၊
၂၀၀၅ မှာ ကျန်တဆင့် ကိုပြီးစီးတာ၊
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BASOCHHU HYDROPOWER PLANT (BHP)
The Basochhu and Rurichhu rivers were identified in the mid 1970’s by hydropower engineers as a potential source of energy production in the medium size range. However, the preliminary design of the Basochhu project using the Basochhu and the Rurichhu, both tributaries of the Punatsangchhu, was carried out only by 1994. The construction of the project was financed by the Government of Austria and the Royal Government of Bhutan. The project was built in two stages. The upper stage commissioned in 2002 has an installed capacity of 24 MW with a mean annual energy generation of 105 million units. The lower stage with an installed capacity of 40 MW commissioned in 2005 has a mean annual energy generation of 185 million units. It was only on formation of Druk Green, the Basochhu Hydro Power Corporation Limited (BHPC) was emerged and renamed Basochhu Hydropower Plant (BHP).
Energy
HCC Infrastructure | Our Business – Energy
http://www.hccinfrastructure.com/ourbusiness/energy.aspx
HCC, the parent company of HCC Infrastructure, has built 25% of India’s Hydro capacity. Leveraging this strength, HCC Infrastructure is seeking suitable BOT opportunities in primary and secondary markets of Hydro Power. While doing so, HCC Infrastructure will be engaging with best in class advisors, consultants and partners.
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၁၀၂ဝ MW ထုတ် ရေကာတာ ဖြစ်လို့ အိန်ဒိယ နဲ့ဘူတန် တို့
ပူးပေါင်းလုပ်ကိုင်တဲ့စီမံကိန်းတွေထဲမှာအကြီးဆုံး
လောလောဆယ် နှစ်စဉ် ၄၈၆၅ သန်း Kwh ထုတ်လုပ်နေတာ၊
၂၀၀၅မှာပြီးဘို့ ချိန်တာ၊ ၂၀၀ရ ကျမှ နောက်ကျစွာနဲ့ပြီးတာ၊
၂၀၀၈ ကျတော့ နှစ်နိုင်ငံကဝန်ကြီးချုပ်တွေရှေ့မှောက် မှာ
အခမ်းအနားနဲ့ဖွင့်လှစ်တာ၊
၉၂ မီတာမြင့်ပြီး ၂၂ကီလိုမီတာရှည်တဲ့ တောင်ထဲက လှိုင်ဂူ ရေသွယ်လမ်းကြောင်းရှိတာ၊
Tala Hydroelectric Project, Bhutan
Tala Hydroelectric Project – Power Technology
http://www.power-technology.com/projects/tala/
The 1,020MW Tala hydroelectric project is the biggest joint project between India and Bhutan so far, generating 4865 million kWh/yr. Tala is located in Chukha Dzongkhag in western Bhutan, a small kingdom in the Himalayas. The run-of-the-river project is being managed by Tala Hydroelectric Project Authority (THPA). It is located on the Wangchu River and, at 860m, is the region’s largest high-head project.
Commissioning of the plant was planned for June 2005, but because of geological problems this was delayed until March 2007. Cost estimates were revised, too. The project was originally estimated at BTN 14 bn (the Bhutanese Ngultrum is equal to an Indian Rupee), equivalent to US$0.3bn, but this was increased in stages to around BTN 40bn. The plant was dedicated in May 2008, in front of the Prime Ministers of Bhutan and India.
The dam is 92m high and feeds a 22km-long headrace tunnel. An underground power house in Tala village has six 170MW generators. Three 440kV transmission lines stretch to the Indian border, since the power is being entirely supplied to India. Bhutan aims to export 10,000MW of power by the year 2020….
Hydroelectric project construction contracts.
The plant was supplied by Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited of India, with other Indian contractors including M/s Hindustan Construction Company, M/s Larsen and Toubro and M/S Jaiprakash Industries.
Five main contracts were awarded for construction. These covered the dam itself and first 6.4km section of the headrace tunnel (C1), a 5.13km horseshoe-shaped headrace tunnel and a 260m D-shaped adit tunnel (C2), the next 4.4km headrace tunnel section and a 960m adit tunnel (C3), the last 7.2km section of the headrace tunnel and two adits (C4), and an underground surge shaft, two pressure shafts, a tailrace tunnel and underground caverns (C5). Hindustan Construction Company Ltd were awarded C1 and C4, Larsen & Toubro was awarded C3, and Jaiprakash Industries was awarded C2 and C5.
Atlas Copco supplied the drilling and transport equipment, including five Rocket Boomer 352 two-boom face drilling rigs, five Boltec 435H rigs with pressurised cement injection, and 16 MT-420 20t dump trucks. Drilling of the upstream and downstream tunnels both hit soft spots (moist crumbly rock which is difficult to stabilise) in 2003. Around 80% of the strata were adjudged ‘poor’ or ‘very poor’, which caused considerable tunneling delays. Blockages in inclined and vertical pressure shafts delayed completion even further. Geologists described the conditions as the worst for tunneling that had been met anywhere in the world.
Strong economic growth is reducing poverty
Bhutan has made strong economic growth and social progress over the last 20 years. Landlocked, it is surrounded by India and China and has a population of around 750,000.
Bhutan’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) was developed after extensive consultation with communities and stakeholders. The kingdom is decentralising its government and improving access to roads, electricity, telecommunications, schools and hospitals. The aim is to continue economic growth while reducing poverty, particularly in the many isolated communities in the country.
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“တာလာ” Tala ရေကာတာ မပြီးခင် ကထဲက ဘူတန်နိုင်ငံရဲ့ဝင်ငွေအနက် ၄၅% ဝင်ငွေဟာ
ရေအားလျှပ်စစ်ရောင်းချတာကနေ ရ တာ
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The power sector in Bhutan is essential to this effort and, even before Tala was completed, contributed about 45% of the country’s gross revenue. Tala was one of two hydroelectric projects in the Chukha region (the other was Chukha II which is immediately upstream of Tala and generates 500MW). Tala is key to Bhutan’s economy, promising to almost double the country’s per capita annual income. The Tala project was funded by the Indian Government using grants (60%) and a loan (40% at 9%).
Electricity exported to India
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(အိန်ဒိယ ကချေးငွေတွေအပြင်) ၊၂၀၀၃ မှာ ADB အာရှဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေးဘဏ်က ပါဝါဓာတ်အားလိုင်း ကြိုး သွယ်ဘို့ ယူအက်စ် $ ၆၂ သန်း ခွင့်ပြုဘို့အတည်ပြု ခဲ့ တာ၊
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In 2003, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved a$62m loan for what was India’s first public-private partnership for power transmission. The Power Grid Corporation of India (PCI) and Tata Power formed a joint venture to transmit the power from the project to northern India. The first phase commits to 1,000MW, which will rise to 3,000MW.
Tala-Delhi Transmission is constructing more than 1,000km of 400kV power lines and 20km of 220kV lines. The power lines are being built under Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT) contracts. Tala-Delhi Transmission will operate the system for 30 years and then transfer ownership to the government-owned PCI.
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ဘူတန်ပြည်သူ တွေကရေနံထက် ရေ ကို ပိုပြီးတန်ဘိုးထားကြတာ
နှစ်နိုင်ငံ စ လုံး ကို အကျိုး များစွာ ဖြစ်ထွန်း တာပါ
ဓာတ်အားမရခင်က ထင်းနဲ့ချက်ပြုတ်တာ မီးခိုးတွေရှူရပြီး မကျန်းမမာ ရောဂါတွေဖြစ်၊ခုဆိုရင် အမေတောင်ကျန်းမာလို့ အသက် ၈၄ နှစ်ရှိတာ လို့ပြော
ခုမှဘဲ မီးခလုတ် နဲ့မီးသွယ်လာကြတာ၊ ယခင်ကဆိုရင် ပြည်သူတွေ ၅ဝ % က လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်အား မ ရကြပါ၊
Bhutan hopes to cash in on hydro-electric power – 30 Mar 08 – YouTube
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsq65VhiYhE&feature=related
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ဓာတ်အားထုတ်လုပ်ပြီး အိန်ဒိယကိုရောင်းတာနဲ့
Tala တာလာ ရေကာတာ က နှစ်စဉ်ယူအက်စ် $ ၁၇၅ သန်း ဝင်ငွေ ကို ရအောင်ဖန်တီး ပေးနိုင်တာ၊
ရေအားလျှပ်စစ်ထုတ် ရေကာတာကြီး နောက်ထပ် ခြောက်လုံးလုပ်ဘို့အစီအစဉ်ရှိတာ၊
Bhutan, the world’s newest democracy, is hoping to boost its economic prospects by harnessing its major natural re
source – water.
The Tala hydro-electric dam in southern Bhutan is already making $175 million a year by exporting electricity to India.
As Tony Birtley reports, another six big hydro-electric projects are in the pipeline.
Tala Hydroelectricity Project – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tala_Hydroelectricity_Project
Tala Hydroelectricity project is the biggest hydroelectric joint project between India and Bhutan so far, generating 4865 GWh/yr. Tala is located in Chukha Dzongkhag in western Bhutan, a smallconstitutional monarchy in the Himalayas.[1] It is located on the Wongchu River and, and is at a height of 860 metres (2,820 ft).
The dam is 92 m high and feeds a 22 km-long headrace tunnel. An underground power house in Tala village has six 170 MW generators. Three 440 kV transmission lines stretch to the Indian border, since the power is being entirely supplied to India. Bhutan aims to export 10,000 MW of power by the year 2020. Dam building started in 1998 and the project was commissioned in 2007. it was built by jp grp[
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Sunday, July 30, 2006 ယနေ့စတင် သုံးပြီ
Tala Hydroelectric Project Commissioned
Tala commissioned today
BHUTAN NEWS: Tala Hydroelectric Project Commissioned
http://bhutannews.blogspot.com/2006/07/tala-hydroelectric-project.html
Posted on Saturday, July 29, 2006, @ 03:42:35 EDT 29 July 2006-
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အိန်ဒိယကို ဓာတ်အားရောင်းရင်း၊
နှစ်စဉ် ဘူတန်ပိုက်စံ Btn သန်း လေးဟောင် ( ၄,၀၀၀,၀၀၀,၀၀၀) ရမှာဖြစ်တာ
ဓာတ်အား မှန်သမျှ အိန်ဒိယကိုရောင်းတာ
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The Tala Hydroelectric Project, a new backbone for Bhutan’s economic development, will earn more than Nu.4.00 billion a year from the export of power to India.
His Royal Highness the Crown Prince with Mr. Sushil Kumar Shinde, Lyonpo Yeshey Zimba and officials of the two countries. After a series of negotiations over three years Bhutan and India agreed on the tariff for the export of power to India at Rs. 1.80 per unit.
The rate will be increased every five years by 10 percent until the loan of about Rs.17 billion for the project is repaid and then by five percent every five years. In the presence of His Royal Highness the Crown Prince Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck the “protocol” on the tariff was signed on July 28 in New Delhi by the Bhutanese minister for Trade and Industry, Lyonpo Yeshey Zimba, and India’s minister for Power, Mr. Sushil Kumar Shinde.
A “power purchase agreement,” valid for 35 years, will be signed in August by the two nodal agencies, the Department of Energy of Bhutan’s Ministry of Trade and Industry, and the PTC India Ltd….
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စာရေးသူ တဦးက အောက်ပါအတိုင်း ရေးသားခဲ့တာ ကိုသွားသတိရတာ၊
” ကုလားကြီးနဲ့ပေါင်းတဲ့ သူ့ကိုမှီခိုနေရတဲ့ ဘင်္ဂလားဒေ့ရှ်၊ နီပေါလ်လို နိုင်ငံများလည်း ထွေထူးပြီး တိုးတက်တာ မတွေ့ရဘူး။ ဒါလည်း ရှင်းပါတယ် သူဌေးနဲ့ပေါင်းမှ လဘက်ရည် အလကားသောက်ခွင့်ရပါမယ်။
ကိုယ်လိုသူလိုတွေပဲ ပေါင်းရင် ကိုယ့်အိတ်ကိုယ်စိုက်၊ ပိုဆိုတာ တရုတ်ကုလားလို့ ကိုယ့်ထက်အင်အားကြီးပြီး ငါ့ဖို့သမားဆိုရင်တော့ မစားရတဲ့အပြင် ကိုယ့်သမီး၊ နှမ၊ တူမပါ လက်သရမ်းခံ ရတယ်။”
ဘင်္ဂလားဒေ့ရှ်၊ ကုန်သွယ်ရေး အကြောင်း လေ့လာတုန်းကလဲ မမှန်ကန် ကြောင်းတွေ့ရတာ၊
https://myanmargazette.net/81967/business-economy
ခုလဲမမှန်ကန် ကြောင်းထပ်တွေ့ရပြန်တာ၊
ဘူတန်က အိန်ဒိယကို အားကိုးတာ “လဘက်ရည် အလကားသောက်ခွင့်ရတာ” ထင်ရှား တာ၊
(ဘယ်ကမလဲ? အာလူးပူရီ ချပါတီ၊ ဆမူစာ ဒါန်ပေါက် ပူတင်း အပြင် ဖာလူဒါ ပါ စုံလို့ပါဘဲ)
“ကိုယ့်သမီး၊ နှမ၊ တူမပါ လက်သရမ်းခံ ရ” တာ လဲ မရှိ ပါ၊
တဦးချင်းဝင်ငွေ အားဖြင့် မြန်မာထက် နှစ်ပြန် မ က ငါး ပြန် နီးပါး
တောင်ဖြစ်နေတာကိုသာကြည့်ပါတော့လား မောင်ရင်အပေါင်းတို့၊
၎င်းက ဟိုလူဒီလူ “ကျွတ်ကျွတ်ဝါး” မယ်လို့ ကြိမ်းဝါး ထားတာ၊
၎င်း ရဲ့ ဆောင်ပုဒ် အရ စိတ်ထား မ မှန် အကျင့်ဆိုးတာ
သီလသိက်ခါ မ ရှိတာကိုပြနေတာ၊
ရန်ထောင် လို တဲ့ဆောင်ပုဒ် နဲ့အညိ
အခြေအမြစ်မရှိဘဲနဲ့ ရမ်းပြောနေတာ
အကြောင်းအရာကိုအာရုံပြုပြီး မဆွေးနွေးနိုင်ဘဲ၊မဆီမဆိုင်
လူတွေကိုလိုက်ဆဲတာကအောက်တန်းကျတာ
တန်ဘိုးလဲမရှိ အကျိုးလဲမရှိပါ၊
4 comments
ကြောင်ကြီး
June 3, 2012 at 10:08 am
ကြေးမုံဂျီးရယ်… ကြောင်ကြီးဂလေးပေါဒါ အမှန်ဒွေဗာ၊ လိမ်ဝံ့ဗာဘူး…။ ရန်မဖြစ်ချင်ဈမ်းဗာနဲ့ ကြေးမုံဂျီးရယ်။ ဒေါသဆိုဒါ ပူလောင်သဒဲ့.. အဂုလည်း တရုတ်နဲ့မြန်မာ စစ်ဖြစ်ကြတော့မယ်ထင်ဒယ်။ အရေးထဲအရာပေါ် ရှာရာပိုဗာဂလေးဂလည်း လက်စွမ်းပြနေလိုက်တာ….ဒဃထဲ သူတချက်တချက် ရိုက်လိုက်ရင် မဟာတံတိုင်းဂျီး လဲပြိုသွားတော့မဲ့အတိုင်းဗဲ….။
စနေ, 02 ဇွန် 2012
အမေရိကန်-မြန်မာ စစ်ဘက်ဆက်ဆံရေး တိုးတက်အောင်လုပ်မည်
By ဗွီအိုအေ (မြန်မာဌာန)
မြန်မာနိုင်ငံမှာ လူ့အခွင့်အရေးနဲ့ နိုင်ငံရေး ပြုပြင်ပြောင်းလဲမှုတွေကို ဆက်ပြီး လုပ်သွားမယ်ဆိုရင် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံနဲ့ စစ်ဘက်ဆက်ဆံရေးကို ပိုပြီး ကောင်းမွန်အောင် လုပ်သွားမယ်လို့ အမေရိကန် ကာကွယ်ရေးဝန်ကြီး Leon Panetta က ပြောလိုက်ပါတယ်။ နိုင်ငံတကာ မဟာဗျူဟာ လေ့လာရေးအဖွဲ့ IISS က စင်ကာပူမှာ စီစဉ်လုပ်တဲ့ အာရှဒေသ လုံခြုံရေးဆိုင်ရာ ဆွေးနွေးပွဲ Shangri-la Dialogue မှာ ကာကွယ်ရေးဝန်ကြီး Panetta က ပြောသွားတာဖြစ်ပါတယ်။
မြန်မာနိုင်ငံမှာ ပြုပြင်ပြောင်းလဲမှုတွေ လက်တွေ့ အကောင်အထည်ဖော်ပြီး နိုင်ငံရေး လွတ်လပ်ခွင့် ပိုပေးလာမယ်ဆိုရင် အမေရိကန်နဲ့ မြန်မာကြား စစ်ဘက် ဆက်ဆံရေး တိုးတက်စေမဲ့ နည်းလမ်းတွေကို ဆွေးနွေးသွားဖို့ ပင်တဂွန် (Pantegon) စစ်ဌာနချုပ်က လိုလိုလားလား ရှိတယ်လို့ မစ္စတာ Panetta ကပြောပါတယ်။ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံအပေါ် အရေးယူ ပိတ်ဆို့မှုတွေကို အမေရိကန်အစိုးရက လျှော့ပေါ့မှုတွေ လုပ်ပေးပြီး မှန်ကန်တဲ့လမ်းကို သွားဖို့ ကြိုးစားအားပေးနေတယ် ဆိုတာကိုလည်း ကာကွယ်ရေးဝန်ကြီးက ထပ်ပြီး ပြောကြားသွားပါတယ်။
မြန်မာနိုင်ငံအပါအဝင် အာရှပစိဖိတ် ဒေသတွင်း နိုင်ငံတွေအနေနဲ့ မိမိကိုယ်ကို ကာကွယ်နိုင်ကြဖို့အတွက် ကာကွယ်ရေးဆိုင်ရာ စွမ်းရည်တွေမြှင့်တင်ရေးအတွက် အကူအညီပေးမှာ ဖြစ်တယ်လို့လည်း အမေရိကန်ကာကွယ်ရေးဝန်ကြီး Leon Panetta က အာရှဒေသလုံခြုံရေးဆိုင်ရာ ထိပ်သီးစည်းဝေးပွဲမှာ ပြောကြားသွားပါတယ်။
Kyaemon
June 5, 2012 at 4:55 am
၂၀၀၉ မတ်လ ၂၅ ရက် သတင်း
၂၀၂ဝ နှစ်တွင် ၁၁၅၇၆ MW လျှပ်စစ်စွမ်းအား ထုတ်မဲ့ ရေကာတာ စီမံကိန်း ၁ဝ ခု ကို အိန်ဒိယ နဲ့ ဘူတန်နိုင်ငံ တို့က အတည်ပြု
ရေကာတာ စီမံကိန်း ၁ဝ ခု အမည်စာရင်း ကို ဖော်ပြထား
10 hydropower projects finalised(source kuensel)
Posted on Mar 26, 2009 in Announcements
http://www.bpc.bt/archives/334
25 March, 2009 -Bhutan and India have agreed to a final list of 10 hydropower projects with a total capacity of 11,576 MW to be constructed in Bhutan by 2020.
This was decided during the visit of the economic affairs minister Lyonpo Khandu Wangchuk to India recently.
Of the 10, six projects with a total power of 9,340 MW will be carried out between the two countries on the ‘inter governmental model’ of 40 percent grant and 60 percent loan. The remaining four with 2,236 MW will be on the joint venture model, whereby public sector companies from both the countries will carry out the project.
The final 10 Hydroprojects for 10,000 mw by 2020:
* Sunkosh reservoir – 4,000 mw (Inter-Govt)
* Kuri Gangri – 1,800 mw (Inter-Govt)
* Chamkarchu – 1,670 mw (Joint Venture)
* Punatsangchu 1 – 1,200 mw (Inter-Govt) Tendered out
* Punatsangchu 2 – 1,000 mw (Inter-Govt)
* Wangchu reservoir – 900 mw (Joint Venture)
* Mangdechu – 720 mw (Inter-Govt)
* Amochu reservoir – 620 mw (Inter-Govt)
* Kholong Chu – 486 MW (Joint Venture)
* Bunakha reservoir – 180 MW (Joint Venture)
* Total – 11,576 mw
“We are, however, keeping on top of the target 10,000 MW a cushion of 1,576 MW just in case some projects are unfeasible, or there are other problems,” said Lyonpo Khandu Wangchuk.
During the Delhi meeting, it was also decided that the next project to be implemented right after Punatsangchu 1 would be the Mangdechhu 720 MW.
The two countries also agreed to set up training institutes in Bhutan to train Bhutanese professionals so that they can get jobs with the hydropower projects. “We’re looking at how to strengthen our current vocational training institutes and how to establish the new training centres,” said the minister. He added that India’s WAPCOS was hired to find out the required number of people and the type of skills needed for the projects.
These were all decided by the empowered joint group (EPJ) set up by the two countries to fast track the mega projects.
“The joint group will give fast track approval of implementation modalities, financing mechanisms, fund flows, contingency plans and also monitor the progress of all activities related to the projects,” said Lyonpo Khandu Wangchuk.
The EPJ group has Lyonpo Khandu Wangchuk as Chairman, Finance secretary Lam Dori, Director General of energy department Yeshey and DHI CEO Karma Yonten. From India are the principal advisor (finance), joint secretary (north) (both of ministry of external affairs) and joint secretary of the power ministry. The Indian ambassador will be a permanent invitee.
Of the ten agreed upon projects, Sunkosh, Wangchu, Amo Chhu, and Bunakha of more than 5000 MW will be in the reservoir scheme, meaning that the river will be dammed to store water unlike the run of the river schemes. “This will help in energy security by allowing us to store water for the dry winter months and also get higher rates since electricity generated during peak hours will get higher rates,” said Lyonpo Khandu Wangchuk.
The minister said that all the 10 projects would start construction work by 2012-13, by which time Punatsangchu-1 would be nearing completion.
He added that the Punatsangchu-1 project has been tendered and awarded to Larsen and Turbo (L&T) for the construction of dam, worth Nu 12.4 billion, Hindustan construction company (HCC) for power house, worth about Nu 7.0 billion, and Gamma India for the headrace tunnel, worth about Nu 4.0 billion
Kyaemon
June 6, 2012 at 11:35 am
ဘူတန်နိုင်ငံ သို့အလည် သွားကြရအောင်
(ဗီဒီယို ပဌမ အပိုင်း)
လူဗြောက်တောက် မဝင်ရအောင် ဝင်ကြေးတွေမြှင့်တင်ထားတာ၊
ဒီဗီဒီယိုနဲ့အလှအပ ရှူခင်း အချို့ ကို အလကား ကြည့်ရတာ၊
Link လင့်ခ ကိုနှိပ်ပါ
In The Land of Happiness – Bhutan (part one)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEOvPAHtgi0
Uploaded by sanjibwrites on Jan 30, 2012
This clip is from my personal documentary filmed in Thimpu, Paro and Punkaha in December 2011. It was really a splendid experience and I promised to myself of revisiting Bhutan many times, God willing. Bhutan is truly a perfect land of happiness!
Kyaemon
June 6, 2012 at 2:55 pm
ဘူတန်နိုင်ငံ သို့အလည် သွားကြရအောင်
ဩစတျေလျား တီဗီ အဖွဲ့က လာ ဗီဒီယို ရိုက်သွားတာ
လူဗြောက်တောက် မဝင်ရအောင် ဝင်ကြေးတွေမြှင့်တင်ထားတာ၊
ဒီဗီဒီယိုနဲ့အလှအပ ရှူခင်း အချို့ ကို အလကား ကြည့်ရတာ၊
Link လင့်ခ ကိုနှိပ်ပါ
Gross National Happiness – Bhutan
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXJwNSkdTH0&feature=related
Uploaded by journeymanpictures on Dec 21, 2007
1 September 1999
The kingdom of Bhutan is placing environmental concerns and spiritual wellbeing over rampant capitalism.
Produced by ABC Australia
Distributed by Journeyman Pictures