ပါကစ်စတန် က ရေကာတာ နဲ့ ဆည်တွေ – PAKISTAN DAMS AND RESERVOIRS

 ပါကစ်စတန် ပြည်သူတွေဟာ တနည်းမဟုတ် တနည်း

ရေကာတာတွေကိုအားကိုးရတာ၊

၎င်းတို့မှာ သိုလှောင်ထားတဲ့ရေတွေက လယ်ယာကိုင်းကျွန်းအတွက်

အသုံးပြု တဲ့အပြင် လူပေါင်း ၁၆ သန်းအတွက် လဲ

လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်အား တွေဖန်တီးပေးတာ၊

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Dams In Pakistan

http://hassam.hubpages.com/hub/Dams-In-Pakistan

 

The entire nation of Pakistan one way or the other depends on the dams. The water stored in the dams is not only used for the agricultural purposes but also to provide electricity to a nation of nearly 16 million people.

Below are the dams built on different rivers in Pakistan:

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Tarbela တာဘဲလား ရေကာတာ ဟာ Indus အင်ဒါစ် မြစ်ပေါ် မှာ

တည်ဆောက်ထားပြီး ကမ်ဘာမှာ အကြီးဆုံး “မြေဖို့” ရေကာတာ ဖြစ်တာ၊
ပါကစ်တန် ငွေ ၁၈၅၀ဝ သန်း ကုန်ကျပြီး ပြည်တွင်း အလုပ်သမား ၁၅၀၀၀
ပြည်ပ နိုင်ငံခြားသား ၈၀ဝ တို့ နဲ့ ဆောက်လုပ်တာ၊

၃၄၇၈ MW မီဂါဝက်ဒ် လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်အား ထုတ်လုပ်နိုင်လို့
ဒီ ရေကာတာ ဟာ ပါကစ်စတန် ရဲ့
အကြီးဆုံး “လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်အားထုတ်ရေကာတာ”  ဖြစ်တာ၊

ရေသိုလှောင်တဲ့ဆည်က ၉ရ ကီလိုမီတာရှည် ပြီး
အနက် က ၁၃ရ မီတာရှိတာ၊

 

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Tarbela Dam

Tarbela dam is built on the river Indus and is the world’s largest earth filled dam. This dam was built in 1976 at a cost of 18.5 billion and almost 15000 Pakistani and 800 foreign workers worked on its construction.

It has the capacity of generating 3,478 MW of electricity which makes it Pakistan’s largest Hydro power station. It has a reservoir which is 97 km long and has a depth of 137 meters. This dam is located 103 km from the city of Rawalpindi.

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Mangla မန်ဂလာ ရေကာတာ ဟာ  Jhelum ဂီလွမ်  မြစ်ပေါ်မှာ တည်ဆောက်ပြီး
ကမ်ဘာမှာ တတိယ အကြီးဆုံး “မြေဖို့” ရေကာတာ ဖြစ်တာ၊
၃၃၅၃ မီတာရှည် ပြီး ထိပ်ဆုံးအဖြား အထိ ၁၂၃၄ ပေ အမြင့်ရှိတာ၊
၁၉၆ဝ တုန်းက အိန်ဒိယ နဲ့မြစ်ရေသုံးစွဲမှု စာချုပ် ချုပ်ပြီးနောက် ဆောက်လုပ်တာ၊

ရေကာတာ အလယ်မှာ ပြသဒ် တိုက် ရှိပြီး မြင်ကွင်းကျယ် ရှူခင်းကောင်းများ ကြည့်လို့ရတာ၊

ရေအားလျှပ်စစ် ထုတ်လုပ်နိုင်ပြီး၊ ရေလွှတ် ပေါက် ရေထုတ်လမ်း ကြောင်း
ရိုးရိုး နဲ့အရေးပေါ် နှစ်ပေါက် ရှိတာ၊ ၉ သိန်း cusecs ကူဗ စက်ကန့် နှုန်း နဲ့ရေထုတ်နိုင်တာ၊

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Mangla Dam

The Mangla dam is the world’s third largest earth filled dam and is built on the river Jhelum. The dam is located 115 km south east of Rawalpindi and is 3,353 meters long and 116 meters high form the river bed.

This dam was built, just like the Tarbela dam, as a result of the Indus basin treaty of Pakistan and India in 1960.

The dam has an elevation crest of 1,234 feet and is designed to store 5.88 MAF of water that is used for generating power. A Gakkhar fort is built at the centre of the dam form a panoramic view of the lake can be viewed.

On the right side of the dam there are two spillways one of which has the capacity of 900,000 cusecs while the second is an emergency spillway.

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ပါကစ်စတန် က ဆောက်လုပ်ပြီးနဲ့ ဆောက်လုပ်ဆဲ ရေကာတာ နဲ့ ဆည်တွေ  ၃၄ လုံး ရှိတာ၊
 ဆောက်လုပ်ဘို့လဲ  အများကြီး ရှိ သေးတာ ၊

လောလောဆယ် ၁၁ လုံး ဆောက် ဘို့ စီမံထားတာ၊

 

 

List of dams and reservoirs in Pakistan

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_Pakistan

 

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ဆောက်လုပ်ပြီး barrages အဆင့်ဆင့် ရေကာတာ တွေ  ၁၆  လုံး ရှိတာ၊

 

List of barrages and headworks in Pakistan

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_barrages_and_headworks_in_Pakistan

 

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ပါကစ်စတန် က ဧရာမ ရေကာတာ စီမံကိန်းတွေ

Mega Projects of Pakistan

http://www.pakistanpaedia.com/mega/megaprojects.html

 

၁၉၆ဝ ခုနှစ် က Indus အင်ဒါစ် မြစ်ဝှမ်း ရေသုံးစွဲမှု စာချုပ်

Indus Basin Water Treaty 1960
At the time of partition of India and Pakistan, there arose a dispute on the use of water resources since all rivers flowing in to Pakistan originated from India. The accord signed in 1960 at Karachi, Pakistan gave water of Indus, Jhelum and Chenab to Pakistan, whereas Ravi and Beas (Sutlej in Pakistan) were to be used by India. The treaty was signed by Pakistani president Ayub Khan and Indian prime minister Nehru.

Consequent to this agreed upon distribution, decision was taken to build to big water storages on the Indus (Tarbela Dam) and Jhelum (Mangla Dam) rivers. Thereafter, many small dams have also been added. In 90s, Ghazi Barotha project came up  without constructing a water reservoir for generating electricity.

 

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Pakistan ပဒီးယား မှ မန်ဂလာ ရေကာတာ 

ဒီ ရေကာတာ ဟာ ပါကစ်တန် ရဲ့ ပဌမ ဦးဆုံး ဧရာမ စီမံကိန်း လုပ်ဆောင်ချက်ဖြစ်တာ

8 May 1962  မှာ စ ပြီး   23 November 1967 မှာဖွင့်လှစ်တာ

 

Mangla Dam – The First Mega Project of Pakistan

 

http://www.pakistanpaedia.com/mega/mangla_dam.html

 

The Mangla Dam water storage and power generation project was the beginning of the construction of mega projects in Pakistan. The construction started on 8 May 1962 and was finally inaugurated on 23 November 1967. The dam was built by a international consortium, which besides the World Bank also included Austria, Canada, West Germany, New eland, the UK and USA.

The project was designed primarily to increase the amount of water that could be used for irrigation from the flow of the Jhelum and its tributaries. Its secondary function was to generate electrical power from the irrigation releases at the artificial head of the reservoir. The project was not designed as a flood control structure, although some benefit in this respect also arises from its use for irrigation and water supply.

The main structures of the dam include 4 embankment dams, 2 spillways, 5 power-cum-irrigation tunnels and a power station. The main dam is 10,300 feet long and 454 feet high (above core trench) with a reservoir of 97.7 square miles. The dam is 3,353 meters long and 116 meters high above the river bed. Its lake is spread over 100 kilometres.  The main dam is supported by two auxiliary dams, the Jari and Sukhian dams.

It is designed to store 5.88 MAF water and also used for power generation. Mangla had an initial storage capacity of 5.88 MAF in 1967, which has now been reduced to 1.97 MAF (34% of the initial). In view of its declining storage, recently a massive raising project is presently underway  to raise the level by 30 feet from the existing 1210 feet level at an approximate cost of Rs. 59 billion.

 

Egypt အီဂျစ်နိုင်ငံက နံမယ်ကျော် Aswan Dam “အစွမ်” ရေကာတာကြီးထက် နှစ်ဆခွဲ ကြီးတာ
၁၉၇၁ တုန်းက အိန်ဒိယ နဲ့ပါကစ်စတန်နိုင်ငံတို့ စစ်ပွဲမှာ ဆိုရင်
အိန်ဒိယလေတပ် က ဒီ ရေကာတာ ကို ဗုံးကြဲလို့အနည်းငယ်ပျက်စီးခဲ့တာ၊
နိုင်ငံတကာ က သဘောတူညီမှု ဥပဒေ က 
ရေကာတာ နဲ့ ဆည်ကြီးတွေကိုဗုံးမကြဲရလို့

ပြဌာန်းထား တာ ကို

မလိုက်နာ ဘဲ ချိုးဖောက်တာပါ

 

Mangla Dam is one of the biggest earth filled dams in the world and is approximately two and a half times bigger than the Egyptian Aswan Dam. The dam was damaged partially during an Indian Air Force bombing in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 when the dam was hit by the bombs, against the international convention that large water reservoirs should not be targeted in war.

 

 

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ဝီးကီးပဒီးယား မှ Mangla မန်ဂလာ ရေကာတာ အကြောင်း

Mangla Dam

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangla_Dam

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Pakistan ပဒီးယား မှ Tarbela တာဘဲလာ ရေကာတာ အကြောင်း

 

 

Tarbela Dam

http://www.pakistanpaedia.com/mega/tarbela_dam.html

 

Consequent to the Indus Basin Water Treaty, concluded between India and Pakistan, two  major water reservoirs were planned to be constructed in Pakistan to store water mainly for irrigation (to make up for the shortfall of water due to water sharing formula agreed vide the treaty); one of these was o be built on River Jhelm at Mangla and the other on River Indus near the small town of Tarbela.

Construction for the dam began in 1968, and continued until completion in 1976. The dam has a volume of 138,600,000 cubic yards (106,000,000 m³). With a reservoir capacity of 11,098,000 acre-feet (13.69 km³), the dam is 469 feet (143 m) high and 8,997 feet (2,743 m) wide at its crest and stands 147 meters above the Indus riverbed.. It helps to maintain the flow of the Indus during seasonal fluctuations.

The dam cost in 1976 was Rs.18.5 billion. Its reservoir is 97 km long with a depth of 137 meters while total area of the lake is 260 square kilometers. From the initial storage capacity of 11.62 MAF in 1974, it has now reduced to 5.51 MAF in 2005 (i.e. 47% of initial capacity) due to silting.

Tarbela is considered as the largest earth-filled dam on one of the world’s most important rivers – the Indus. The dam was completed in 1976 at a cost of Rs.18.5 billion. It is the biggest hydel power station in Pakistan having a capacity of generating 3,478 MW of electricity.

It provides nearly 30 percent of all the irrigation water available in dry season, 2100 MW of hydropower was to be initially generated as a by-product. By the year 1992, the generating capacity was raised to 3428 MW, with the 3rd extension comprising four more units of 432 MW capacity each. Read More …

 

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အလေးဆုံး နဲ့ အကြီး ဆုံး မြေဖို့ ရေကာတာ

heaviest dam(The Largest Earth Dam of Pakistan (Tarbela Dam))

Posted on December 7, 2011 in Civil Engineering, Water Resources Engineering | by admin

 

http://civiltechnology.net/civil-engineering-2/tarbela-dam-pakistan
6.    Power Station

According to the original plan, four (4) power units of 175 MW generating capacity each were to be installed on each of the tunnels 1, 2 and 3 located on the right bank with the ultimate installed capacity of 21,00 MW commissioned in the year 1977.

WAPDA carried out studies to tap the maximum power potential of Tarbela & found possible to install six (6) units, instead of four (4) only on tunnel NO.2.

Units 5 to 8 on tunnel NO.2 were commissioned in 1982, and units 9 and 10 in 1985. four power units of 432 MW capacity each were installed on tunnel NO.3.

Thus the total ultimate power potential of the project enhanced from 2100 MW as originally planned to 3478 MW.

Turbines                                   10 x 175 MW, 4 x 432 MW Installed capacity                      3478 MW Maximum capacity                    4200 MW

 

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ဝီးကီးပဒီးယား မှ Tarbela တာဘဲလာ ရေကာတာ အကြောင်း

 

Tarbela Dam

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarbela_Dam

 

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၂၀၁၂ ဇွန် ရ က သတင်း

  

 

ဧရာမ ဆောက်လုပ်ရေး စီမံကိန်းတွေကိုလုပ်နိုင်အောင် စွမ်းအားရံပုံငွေ တရပ်ကို စုဆောင်းဖန်တီး ဘို့ပြော
ရေအားလျှပ်စစ် ရေကာတာကြီးတွေ ပါဝင်ကြ တာ၊
စွမ်းအား ထုတ် စီမံကိန်းတွေ လမ်းပန်းဆက်သွယ်ရေး စီမံကိန်းတွေကို လုပ်နိုင်အောင်

ယင်း စွမ်းအားရံပုံငွေထဲကို တရုပ်နိုင်ငံက ပိုမိုထည့်ဝင်ပေးဘို့ ပါကစ်စတန် သမတ က တိုက်တွန်း  

 

President urges setting up ‘Energy Fund’ for mega projects

Thursday, 07 June 2012 22:32

http://www.brecorder.com/top-news/1-front-top-news/61267-president-urges-setting-up-energy-fund-for-mega-projects-.html

 

BEIJING: President Asif Ali Zardari on Thursday called for greater Chinese investment in infrastructure development, particularly in mega energy projects, and proposed setting up of an Energy Fund for mega projects, including hydro-power projects….

 

တရုပ်နိုင်ငံနဲ့ ခိုင်မာတောင့်တင်းစွာ ဆက်ဆံ ဘို့ ဟာက

ပါကစ်စတန် နိုင်ငံခြားရေးမူဝါဒရဲ့ အုတ်မြစ်မဏ်ဋိုင်တရပ် 

ပြစ်တာလို့ ထုတ်ဖော်၊

 

 

ပါကစ်စတန်ရှိ  နိုင်ငံရေးအဖွဲ့တွေ အစိုးရဌာနတွေ ပြည်သူတွေ အားလုံးက 

တရုပ်နိုင်ငံ ကိုယုံကြည်စိတ်ချရပြီး ကြံ့ခိုင်တဲ့မဟာမိတ် နိုင်ငံလို့မြင်ကြကြောင်း

ပါကစ်စတန် သမတ က ဆက်လက်ပြီးထုတ်ဖော်ပြန်တာ၊ 

The President said that maintaining strong relations with China was the cornerstone of Pakistan’s foreign policy, and added that all political parties, state institutions and the people of Pakistan considered China a trusted friend and a strong strategic ally.

He said that the government was determined to take the relations in political, defence, security and economic spheres to “new heights” and his ninth visit to China was a manifestation of that policy….

The President appreciated China’s help in overcoming the Attabad lake problem in Gilgit-Baltistan.

He said the widening and up-gradation of Karakoram Highway as well as realignment of the segment impacted by the Attabad Lake would further facilitate and enhance trade, and people-to-people contacts.

He also welcomed China’s support for mega hydro projects and also for connectivity projects in Pakistan….

 

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ဧရာမ စီမံကိန်းတွေကို ဆက်လက်ပြီး အကောင်အထည်ဖော် ကူညီပေးဘို့ တရုပ်နိုင်ငံကို တောင်းဆို

China asked to help develop mega projects
http://www.pakboi.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=588:china-asked-to-help-develop-mega-projects&catid=44:latest-news&Itemid=310

 

 

Islamabad – As Water and Power Development Authority (Wapda)
completes 28 per cent work on the 969MW Neelum-Jhelum Hydropower Project, the cost of which has gone up from Rs84 billion to Rs333 due to inordinate delay, Pakistan is pushing China to release the promised $500 million loan to bridge the shortfall of funds.

The cost of the project has increased after it was redesigned in the wake of the 2005 earthquake. Work on the project is progressing but the shortfall of funds and issues in land acquisition are still problems that need to be addressed to complete the project. …

 

 

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New hydro power projects discussed in JEWG

http://pakistantimes.net/pt/detail.php?newsId=23838
2012 June 08 သတင်း

လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်အားတုတ် ရေကာတာ ၁၂ လုံး ကျောက်မီးသွေးသုံး စီမံကိန်း တွေဆွေးနွေးခဲ့တာ….

 

Friday, June 08, 2012

‘Pakistan Times’ China Bureau

BEIJING (China): Chairman  Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) Shakeel Durring  has said that twelve new hydro power projects have been discussed in the Pakistan-China JEWG meetings for the mutual benefits of both sides…

There are also three additional projects in which Chinese can invest or could also work as contractors for civil, electrical and mechanical works, he added. All these 12 are hydro projects, he said adding that apart from that they talked on alternate energy and on coal fired projects, as Pakistan has the largest coal reserves in Thar. …

Durrani said therefore, mining is another area where there is hug potential for Chinese companies.Shakeel Durrani said that they discussed Thermal and laying transmission line projects as well.“So all in all there is vast scope for Chinese companies to work in Pakistan and for Chinese investors to make investment in our energy projects”, he noted. …

In these days, he said that out of 11 hydro power projects they have, Chinese contractors are supplying equipments for ten, so they have extensive cooperation with China. In our meetings, he said that they also exchanged views where the Chinese can come either as contractors or as investors. He pointed out that Chinese could also invest in power houses…

 

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://epmaps.wfp.org/maps/04166_20100812_PAK_A4_ODEP_Pakistan__Major_Dams_and_Barrages,_11_August_2010_-_LOW_RESOLUTION.jpg&imgrefurl=http://reliefweb.int/node/17522&h=2451&w=3500&sz=653&tbnid=Vng2jl1xy__3eM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=129&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dpakistan%2Bdams%2Bmap%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Du&zoom=1&q=pakistan+dams+map&usg=__rxdSVgNgg1iOVNhWKOEnrncgctc=&docid=gaD3vBVUjvrssM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MP3QT6r_M-by2QXf4biHDw&ved=0CGkQ9QEwAg&dur=1124

 

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Dams in Pakistan – YouTube