နှစ်တရာကျော် တဲ့နော်ဝေ က ဖိုး “တိုင်ဆို (၁)” Norway’s Tysso I – XIV နောက်ဆက်တွဲ

ဖိုး “တိုင်ဆို (၁)”  Norway’s Tysso I  ရဲ့အဆက် ပါ၊

 

အခမဲ့ လမ်းပြ မဲ့ ဓာတ်ပုံဆရာကြီးတွေနဲ့ 

လိုက်သွားကြည့်ရအောင်

 

link လင့်ခ တွေကိုနှိပ်ပြီး

ဇိမ်ရှိရှိနဲ့ အ “ဝ” ကြည့်နိုင်တာ၊

  

GeirV

Norwegian fjords – Sørfjorden | Flickr – Photo Sharing!

http://www.flickr.com/photos/geirv/5097792592/

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Tyssedal (Tysso I), Powerplant overview | Flickr – Photo Sharing!

http://www.flickr.com/photos/geirv/5009222491/

Flickr: Search geir_v’s photostream

http://www.flickr.com/search/?ss=2&w=42960119%40N02&q=powerplant+&m=text

Slideshow စလိုက်ရှိုး ပါ

Search results for powerplant

http://www.flickr.com/search/show/?q=powerplant&w=42960119%40N02&ss=2

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Dag Endre Opedal

တောင်ခြေရင်း လက်ဝဲဘက် က လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်အားထုတ် စက်ရုံပါ၊ 

တောင်ထိပ်က ပိုက်လုံးကြီးတွေနဲ့သွယ်ဆင်းလာတဲ့

ေရတံခွန်မှ ရေစွမ်းအားကိုအသုံးပြုတာ၊

Flickr: Dag Endre Opedal’s stuff tagged with tyssedal

http://www.flickr.com/photos/opedal/tags/tyssedal/

Tyssedal powerstation

2 minute exposure of an old hydroelectric powerstation that produced electricity in the period 1908 – 1989, today it is the Norwegian museum of hydropower and industry.

Tyssedal powerstation | Flickr – Photo Sharing!

http://www.flickr.com/photos/opedal/6798039893/

Flickr: Dag Endre Opedal’s stuff tagged with tyssedal

http://www.flickr.com/photos/opedal/tags/tyssedal/

 Slideshow စလိုက်ရှိုး ပါ

tyssedal tag

http://www.flickr.com/photos/opedal/tags/tyssedal/show/

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Pappafrezzo

Tysso I hydraulic power station | Flickr – Photo Sharing!

http://www.flickr.com/photos/verhelstaal/3086458730/

Tysso I hydraulic power station

The Tysso I power plant was constructed between 1906 and 1918 by the architect Thorvald Astrup (1876–1940), and was one of the largest high pressure power plants in the world at the time. Tysso I became the life nerve of the high-energy dependent industrial activities of Odda and Tyssedal at the extremity of Sørfjord, a sidearm of the 179 km / 111 ml long Hardangerfjord (the third longest fjord in the world and the second longest in Norway).

The plant is very well preserved, and is one of the foremost technical and industrial heritage sites in Norway today. The power plant tells the story of the hydro power development and of the growth of the modern Norway. The power plant was operational from 1908 to 1989 and had 15 Pelton-tubines installed with a total capacity of 100 MW. The yearly production was 730 GWh.

The generated power was used to power highly energy dependent industries like Odda Smelteverk AS producing calcium carbide and Norzink producing zinc using the cheap hydropower generated electricity.

HDR from three (hand held) exposures. Processed and colormapped using Photomatix.

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Preserving a Century-Old Hydro Plant in Norway

Preserving a Century-Old Hydro Plant in Norway – HydroWorld

http://www.hydroworld.com/index/display/article-display/357629/articles/hydro-review-worldwide/volume-16/issue-5/articles/preserving-a-century-old-hydro-plant-in-norway.html

အနှစ်တရာ နီးပါး အသုံးပြုခဲ့ပြီး ၁၉၈၉ ကျမှ ပြတိုက်လိုထိန်းသိမ်းထားတာ

၁၉၀၈ က ဆောက်လုပ်ပြီးစီးတာ ၁၀ဝ MW ဓာတ်အား ထုတ်လုပ်နိုင်စွမ်းရှိတာ

The story of the 100-mw Tysso I plant – built in 1908 – illustrates a century of hydro’s contributions to industrialization, technological advancement, and environmental awareness in northern Europe. Although operations ceased in 1989, the powerhouse has been preserved in its original condition and operates as a museum.

By Per Einar Faugli and Randi Bårtvedt

 နော်ဝေရဲ့စီးပွါးရေး နဲ့ သက်သာချောင်ချိရေး ကို အကျိုးပြုတဲ့နေရာမှာ

ရေအားလျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်အား ဟာ အရေးအပါဆုံးအချက်ပင်ဖြစ်တာ၊

၁၉၀၅ မှာ ယူကေ Sun Gas Co ကကမ်းလှမ်းလာလို့ Tyssefaldene Inc.  ကိုဖွဲ့စည်းကာ    

 ရေအားလျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်အားကိုထုတ်လုပ်ပြီးသုံးဘို့ ဖြစ်လာတာ၊

ထိုစဉ်ခါက လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်ကြိုးလိုင်းတွေကိုဝေးဝေးလံလံ မသွယ်နိုင်ကြလို့ 

ဓာတ်အားထုတ်လုပ်ရာ Odda  နဲ့ Tyssedal အရပ်တို့မှာဘဲ စက်ရုံတွေက နီးနီးကပ်ကပ်ဆောက်တည်ကြတာ၊

 

 

The development of hydropower is the single most significant factor contributing to economic growth and material welfare in Norway. For more than 100 years, the country has enjoyed the highest per capita production of hydropower in the world.

When hydropower development first began, the technology was not available to transport electricity over long distances. As a result, power-intensive industries had to be located close to their power sources. Many industrial communities had their origins in this situation, including Odda and Tyssedal on the west coast of southern Norway.

Building Tysso I

Odda and Tyssedal are only 6 kilometers apart at the end of a fjord, and their history is closely linked. The river Tysso, in Tyssedal, was ideal for hydropower development, while the wide slopes in Odda were a prime location for a factory. Sun Gas Co. of Great Britain wanted to build a carbide factory in Odda, so engineer Sam Eyde, a central figure in the pioneering period of Norwegian industry, was approached in 1905. Power company Tyssefaldene Inc. was founded on April 20, 1906, and three weeks later parliament approved plans to develop the hydro plant, called Tysso I.

In many ways, Tysso I represents the origin of hydropower development in Norway. It ws the first hydro facility in Northern Europe to be built using the “modern” principles of a high fall supplying pressurized water to the plant via a tunnel or pipeline. Before Tysso I was built, hydro facilities in Norway were low-head (low pressure) arrangements using low falls in the river…..

 

၁၈၄ဝ ဝန်းကျင်မှာ နော်ဝေရဲ့ အထည်အလိပ်စက်မှုလုပ်ငန်းတွေဟာ စတင်ပေါ်ထွက်လာတာ၊

အင်ဂလန်လို (မီးသွေးလောင်စာသုံးပြီးထုတ်ရတဲ့) ” ရေနွေးငွေ့” စွမ်းအား ကို အခြေမခံခဲ့ပါ၊

နော်ဝေ က” ရေအားထုတ် လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်အား” ကိုဘဲ အခြေခံ ခဲ့တာ၊ 

၁၉၀၅ နောက်ပိုင်းမှာ ပေါ်ထွက်လာကြတဲ့စက်ရုံတွေနဲ့ 

ဖွံ့ဖြိုးလာကြတဲ့စက်ရုံတွေ ဆိုရင် 

အဲဒီ ရေအားလျှပ်စစ်စွမ်းအားကိုဘဲ 

အတိုင်းထက်အလွန်ပင် အသုံးပြုဘို့လိုအပ် လာကြတာ၊  

Hydropower’s contribution to Norway’s development

The textile industry initiated the industralization of Norway in the 1840s. It was a great advantage that the textile industry could be based on hydropower rather than steam power as in England. The industry that developed after 1905 demanded far more energy than before.

From around 1900, the country’s industrialization was based on the growth of new science and technology. This involved the invention and development of new industrial processes, in which electricity was used to refine raw materials and make new production methods possible. The electrometallurgical and electrochemical industries were the main hydropower consumers and became Norway’s backbone. In addition to the carbide factory, the power supply from Tysso I was used for Cyanamid, zinc, and aluminium factories. The plant also supplied electricity to the communities surrounding these factories.

Construction of the first stage of the 100-mw Tysso I plant was completed in 1908. A penstock added in 1915 was the largest in the world at that time.

 

Foreign investment was pivotal for hydropower development in Tyssedal. The massive foreign purchase of the Tysso watercourse (most of the funding for the foundation of power company Tyssefaldene came from abroad) led to the so-called “Panic Act” of 1906, which was the basis for the Norwegian concession laws. 

နိုင်ငံခြားမှ ရင်းနှီးငွေတွေကို အလုံးအရင်းနဲ့ များများစာစား ထဲ့ဝင်လာကြတာကိုကြောက်လန့်ပြီး၊ 

၁၉၀၆ မှာ နော်ဝေ က ဥပဒေတွေထုတ်ပြန်လာခဲ့တာ၊

မြေတွေဝယ်တာတို့ရေနဲ့ ရေအားပိုင်ဆိုင်ခွင့် ဝယ်ယူသုံးစွဲတာအပြောင်းအလဲလုပ်တာ တို့ကို

ခွင့်ပြုမိန့်ရမှ ဆိုပြီးပြဌာန်းလာခဲ့တာ၊

 ကြိုတင်ပညတ်ချက်အဖြစ် သမရိုးကျထားလေ့ရှိတာကတော့ နောင်အနှစ် ၆ဝ မှ ၈ဝ ထိ ဆိုရင်

နော်ဝေနိုင်ငံပိုင်သွားဘို့ပါဘဲ

These laws state that foreigners cannot purchase land or water rights without a concession. A typical prerequisite was that ownership would be turned over to the Norwegian state after 60 to 80 years.

Tysso I also played a significant role in watercourse protection. With its glacier, waterfalls, fjord, and mountains, Odda had a thriving tourist industry before Tysso I was developed. Nearly 50 percent of all foreign visitors to Norway came to Odda, and the Ringedalsfoss and Tyssestrengene waterfalls in Tyssedal were especially popular. Tyssefaldene acquired the rights to these waterfalls in 1920, frightening environmentalists. As a result, the 275-meter-high Vettisfossen waterfall became protected in 1924, leading to extensive work to protect waterfalls and watercourses. Among these is the watercourse in Odda, which was threatened by hydropower development in the 1960s. This initial work matured in the 1960s into the Norwegian Protection Plan for River Systems, which was completed in 1973. As of 2007, 387 rivers are included in the plan.

Protecting Tysso I

The Tysso I power station has great aesthetic value and is considered among the best of Norway’s 20th century architecture. The design draws heavily on cathedral architecture, with the machine hall closely resembling a cathedral space. The high windows and clerestory flood the hall with daylight. The control room has taken on the role of gallery. The quality of the building, the location in the fjord and waterfall landscape, and the surrounding industrial community make the Tysso I power plant unique as cultural heritage.

Wedged between two national parks and a virtual stone’s throw from a protected watercourse, the power plant offers a unique experience. In 2000, the plant was declared protected by royal resolution and is protected by the Directorate of Cultural Heritage. Restored inside and out, the plant was officially opened on May 14, 2005, as a museum. Tysso I is now the only protected power plant in Norway, preserved in original condition. Work is under way to ensure this plant a place on the world heritage list of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). …

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Chillmost

IMG_4254 | Flickr – Photo Sharing!

http://www.flickr.com/photos/chillmost/4969512780/

 

 တောင်ထိပ်က ရေတံခွန်ရေတွေဟာ ပိုက်လုံးကြီးကနေ ဒလဟော ကျဆင်းလာတာကို

ဖမ်းယူလက်ခံတဲ့ “ဖန်ခွက်” လိုအတံတွေ၊ 

 ယင်း အတံ တွေကရေဖိအားကြောင့် လည်ပတ်ရင်း Turbine တာဘိုင် တို့ကနေလျှပ်စစ်ထုတ်တာ

Flickr: chillmost’s stuff tagged with tyssoi

http://www.flickr.com/photos/chillmost/tags/tyssoi/

Slideshow စလိုက်ရှိုး ပါ 

tyssoi tag

http://www.flickr.com/photos/chillmost/tags/tyssoi/show/

စက်ရုံတွင်း ရှုခင်းတွေကိုတော်တော်များများရိုက်ထားတာ