စင်္ကာပူရောက် တချို့မြန်မာပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ထဲက ငါး
etoneငါး ဆိုတဲ့နာမည်ဟာ လွန်ခဲ့တဲ့ ၁၅ နှစ်ကျော်လောက်က နာမည်ကြီး မူးယစ်ဆေးဝါးဖြစ်ခဲ့ပါတယ်။ နံပါတ်ဖိုးပြီးရင် နံပါတ်ငါးဆိုသလို အရမ်းအရေးပါခဲ့လို့ လူသုံးများခဲ့ပါတယ်။ ဖက်စီဒိုင်း ဖက်စီဒိုင်း စွဲနေပြီ မဟုတ်လား
ဆိုတဲ့ သီချင်းတောင်ပေါ်ခဲ့သေးတယ်ဆိုတော့ ဘယ်လောက်နာမည်ကြီးခဲ့တယ်ဆိုတာ
သိကြမှာပါ။ ချောင်းဆိုးပျောက်ဆေးရည်တစ်မျိုးပေါ့ (cough medicine or
linctus when in syrup form is a medicinal drug used in an attempt to
treat coughing and related conditions.)
မူးယစ်ဆေးဝါးတစ်ခုအဖြစ်သတ်မှတ်လိုက်ပြီနောက် အရမ်းဈေးကြီးပေးဝယ်ခဲ့ရတော့
စီးပွါးပျက်ခဲ့တဲ့သူတွေ အများကြီးရှိခဲ့ပါတယ်။ ရောင်းဝယ်ဖောက်ကားသူတွေ
ကြီးပွားချမ်းသာလာခဲ့တဲ့ ဆေးရည်ပေါ့ဗျာ။ စင်္ကာပူတို့၊ မလေးရှားတို့၊
ထိုင်းတို့မှာ တချို့မြန်မာတွေ ရောင်းဝယ်ဖောက်ကားရင်း
စီပွားဖြစ်ခဲ့ကြပါတယ်။ နောက်ပိုင်း ၁ဝ နှစ်ကျော်လောက်ကျတော့
အဲဒီဆေးရည်နာမည်ကို ထပ်မကြားရတော့ပါဘူး။ ဒါပေမယ့် ငါး ဆိုတဲ့ နာမည်ကတော့
အခုထိ ကျန်နေဆဲပဲလေ။ တခြားချောင်းဆိုးပျောက်ဆေးရည် တစ်မျိုးမျိုးကို
အစားထိုးထားမယ်လို့ ထင်မိပါတယ်။ ဘာကြောင့်လဲဆိုတော့ စင်္ကာပူနိုင်ငံရဲ့
လုံခြုံရေးအရ တင်သွင်းလာဖို့ အခက်အခဲရှိလို့ပါ။ တရားဝင်တင်သွင်းနေကြ
ချောင်းဆိုးပျောက်ဆေးရည်တစ်မျိုးမျိုးကို ငါး ဆိုပြီ
ရောင်းဝယ်နေကြဟန်တူပါတယ်။ ချောင်းဆိုးပျောက်ဆေးရည်တိုင်းဟာ လူတွေကို
မှိန်းစေနိုင်ပြီး မူးယစ်ဆေးဝါးအသွင်ဆောင်ပါတယ်။ ကျွန်တော်ပြောတာ မယုံရင်
ကိုယ်တိုင်ဆေးခန်းသွားပြပြီ ချောင်းဆိုးနေပါတယ်လို့ပြောပါ။ ဆရာဝန်က
ချောင်းဆိုးပျောက်ဆေးရည်တစ်မျိုးမျိုးကို ပေးလိမ့်မယ်။ အဲဒီဆေးရည်ကို
တခါသောက်သုံးရန် သတ်မှတ်ထားတဲ့ ပမာဏထက် အဆများစွာ ပိုပြီ သောက်လိုက်ပါ။
သိလာပါလိမ့်မယ်။ ဒါကြောင့် ငါး ဆိုတာချည်းကို
ရေးကြီးခွင်ကျယ်ပြောနေစရာမလိုဘူးလို့ ထင်ပါတယ်။
တကယ်တန်းပြောရမှာ စင်္ကာပူ အမျိုးသားရေး ကောင်စီ (National Council) က
ဆန့်ကျင်နေတဲ့ မူးယစ်ဆေးဝါးတွေပဲလေ။ အဲဒီထဲမှာ ငါး ဆိုတာ မပါဝင်ပါဘူး။
မပါဝင်တာကို တရားဝင်ရောင်းဝယ်လို့ရတယ် မထင်လိုက်ပါနဲ့။ အရေးမကြီးလို့
မပါဝင်တာပါ။ ဘာဆေးဝါးမဆို လိုတာထက်ပိုပြီး သုံးစွဲ၊ ရောင်းဝယ်နေရင်
မူးယစ်ဆေးဝါးအသွင်သက်ရောက်စေနိုင်ပါတယ်။ ဆေးလက်မှတ်မပါဘဲ
ရောင်းဝယ်ခွင့်မရှိပါ။
သိထားသင့်တဲ့ စင်္ကာပူက မူးယစ်ဆေးဝါး
စင်္ကာပူနိုင်ငံမှာ အဓိကအရေးယူနေတဲ့ မူးယစ်ဆေးဝါးတွေကတော့
၁။ ဆေးခြောက် (Cannabis)
Marijuana, pot, grass, joints, ganja လို့ ခေါ်ဝေါ်နေကြပါတယ်။ မြန်မာတွေကတော့ မုန့် လို့ခေါ်လေ့ရှိတယ်။
Description
•Cannabis comes from the hemp plant Cannabis Sativa. The whole plant is
dried and compressed into blocks until it looks like dried herbs or tea.
•Cannabis causes a person’s mind to become addicted. It contains a
chemical that affects one’s mood and the way one sees and hears things.
•Cannabis affects one’s concentration and memory, hence it weakens the
abuser’s ability to learn. Cannabis abusers are likely to move on to
stronger and deadlier drugs.
The Effects
•Loss of concentration
•Increased heart rate
•Poor balance and co-ordination
•Anxiety or panic
•Depression
•Confusion
•Hallucination – imagining objects, hearing sounds
Penalties
Illegal traffic, import or export of :
•Cannabis resin of more than 200 grams – DEATH.
•Cannabis mixture of more than 1 kilogram – DEATH.
•Possession and consumption of cannabis – up to S$20,000 fine or 10 years imprisonment or BOTH.
၂။ ကိုကင်း (Cocaine)
Crack, coke, snow လို့ခေါ်ဝေါ်လေ့ရှိကြတယ်။
Description
•Cocaine is derived from the leaves of the Erthroxylum Coca plant.
•In its pure form, cocaine is a white crystalline powder and it is
either sniffed in powder form or injected into the body in liquid form.
•Cocaine is both a central nervous system stimulant and an anaesthetic.
The chronic cocaine abuser is socially dangerous because of the mental
abnormalities caused by the drug.
The Effects
•Hallucinations
•Increased heart rate and blood pressure
•Insomnia
•Depression
•Loss of appetite and weight
•Fear and anxiety
Penalties
•Illegal traffic in cocaine of more than 500 grams – DEATH.
•Illegal import or export of cocaine of more than 30 grams – DEATH.
•Possession and consumption of cocaine – Up to S$20,000 fine or 10 years imprisonment or BOTH.
၃။ Depressants (referred to in slang as a “downer,” is a chemical
agent that diminishes the function or activity of a specific part of
the body.)
Upjohn and Erimin လို့ သိကြတယ်လို့တော့ပြောတာပဲ။ မကြားဖူးသေးပါဘူး။
Description
•Depressants are drugs which help a person to calm down and sleep.
•Depressants are usually taken orally by abusers. The drug may also be
dissolved in water and then injected into the body. This can cause
infections as the drug powder is usually not totally dissolved and it
remains under the skin or the vein.
The Effects
An abuser who cannot get his regular supply may suffer from severe withdrawal symptoms:
•Anxiety
•Increased heart rate
•Distorted eyesight
•Violent convulsions
•Insomnia
Penalties
•Illegal traffic – Up to 10 years imprisonment and 5 strokes of the cane.
•Illegal import or export – Up to 20 years imprisonment and 15 strokes of the cane.
•Possession and consumption – Up to S$20,000 fine or 10 years imprisonment or BOTH.
၄။ စိတ်ကြွဆေး (Ecstasy)
Pink or Pink Lady, Snow White, Playboy, Apple, XTC လို့ခေါ်ကြတာပဲ။
Description
•MDMA, more commonly known as ‘Ecstasy’ comes in a tablet or capsule form. It is often sold in discos and night joints.
•’Ecstasy’ causes permanent damage to the heart and liver. People may
take it to enable them to dance all night and sometimes they die from
exhaustion and dehydration.
•Chemicals such as paracetamol and calcium carbonate, are often mixed with Ecstasy. This may cause bad reactions to the body.
The Effects
•Increased blood pressure and pulse rate
•False feelings of confidence and closeness with others
•Sweating
•Dehydration
•Convulsions, jaw clenching and teeth grinding
•Vomiting and anxiety
•Paranoid feelings: extreme fear and anxiety
•Uncontrollable movements
Penalties
•Illegal traffic of ‘Ecstasy’ – up to 20 years imprisonment and 15 strokes.
•Illegal import or export of ‘Ecstasy’ – up to 30 years imprisonment and 15 strokes.
•Possession and consumption of ‘Ecstasy’ – up to S$20,000 fine or 10 years imprisonment or BOTH.
၅။ Flunitrazepam (Flunitrazepam is commonly prescribed for the
treatment of insomnia. Insomnia can be described as a difficulty falling
asleep, frequent awakening, early awakenings or a combination of both.)
Also Known as
Rohypnol, Roachies, Roofies, Rophies, ‘Forget-me Pill’
Description
•’Rohypnol’ is used in some countries for prescription use as a
treatment for insomnia, a sedative, and as a pre-surgery anaesthetic. It
is taken to relieve anxiety and for muscle relaxation.
•’Rohypnol’ is tasteless and odourless, and it dissolves quite easily in
carbonated beverages and alcohol, thus making it popular for use as a
date-rape drug. Ketamine is also used a date-rape drug due to the
‘disassociative effect’ it has on the abusers.
The Effects
•Loss of memory
•Loss of muscle control
•Dizziness
•Weakness
•Loss of consciousness
Penalties
•Illegal traffic of ‘Rohypnol’ – Up to 10 years imprisonment and 5 strokes of the cane.
•Illegal import or export of ‘Rohypnol’ – Up to 20 years imprisonment and 15 strokes of the cane.
•Possession and consumption of ‘Rohypnol’ – Up to S$20,000 fine or 10 years imprisonment or BOTH.
၆။ ဘိန်းဖြူ (Heroin)
Also Known as
White, smack, junk, powder, putih, medicine, ubat
Description
•Heroin is a powerful and very addictive drug that comes in granular, powder or solution form.
•Heroin is a powerful and very addictive drug that comes in granular, powder or solution form.
•Heroin No. 4 is white in colour while Heroin No. 3 is more yellowish.
•Heroin is the primary drug of abuse in Singapore. Heroin abusers feel
dull and tire very easily. They cannot work properly as they are not
able to concentrate.
•”Chasing the Dragon”, a common method of abuse used by heroin abusers
here, involves heating the heroin powder and sniffing the fumes through a
rolled note.
The Effects
If an abuser tries to stop using heroin, his body reacts strongly and he experiences painful withdrawal symptoms:
•Aches and spasms
•Stomach cramps and convulsions
•Shaking and vomiting
•Running nose
•Watery eyes
•Loss of appetite
•Diarrhoea
Penalties
•Illegal traffic, import or export of heroin of more than 15 grams – DEATH.
•Possession and consumption of heroin – up to S$20,000 fine or 10 years imprisonment or BOTH.
၇။ ရေခဲ (Ice)
Also Known as
‘Ice’, glass, crystal, quartz, ice cream, hirropon and shabu စင်္ကာပူနဲ့မလေးရှားမှာ နာမည်ကြီးပေါ့။
Description
•Methamphetamine hydrochloride is more commonly known as ‘Ice’ in
Singapore. It is a strong stimulant which comes in a crystallized form.
It is odourless and colourless.
•’Ice’ has a very strong effect on the nervous system and is highly
addictive. Besides experiencing a temporary sense of well being, the
abuser also feels anxious restlessness which can lead to violent
behaviour.
The Effects
•Hallucinations
•Liver and kidney damage
•Damage to the heart
•Loss of weight
•Impotency
•Severe convulsions
•Stroke
•Death
Penalties
•Illegal traffic, import or export of ‘Ice’ of more than 250 grams – DEATH.
•Possession and consumption of ‘Ice’ – Up to S$20,000 fine or 10 years imprisonment or BOTH.
၈။ Inhalants (Inhalants are drugs that are inhaled as a gas,
vapor, or aerosol. Some inhalants are used for medical purposes, such as
anesthesia and the delivery of medication to the lungs (for example by
an inhaler or nebulizer to administer asthma medication.) )
Also Known as
Glue-sniffing, solvent abuse, solvent inhalation, solvent sniffing
Description
•Some substances, such as glue and paint thinner, give off vapours and fumes. The sniffing of vapour is known as inhalant abuse.
•Inhalant abuse affects the growth and development of muscles, nerves
and organs. If you are an inhalant abuser, normal activities like
running or shouting can cause death by heart failure. An inhalant abuser
may die from suffocation anytime. This is known as Sudden Sniffing
Death. It can happen on the very first time or any other time the abuser
sniffs glue.
The Effects
•Memory Loss
•Inability to think
•Easy bleeding and bruising
•Damage to the central nervous system
•Liver and kidney damage
•Stomach and urinary pains
•Muscular cramps
•Muscular cramps
Penalties
•Selling or offering to sell an intoxicating substance when it is
suspected that the substance is for the purpose of intoxication – Up to
S$5,000 fine or 2 years imprisonment or BOTH.
•Refusing a blood specimen test – Up to S$2,000 fine or 3 months imprisonment.
•Abuse of intoxicating substance – Admission to a rehabilitation center
for up to 6 months or up to S$2,000 fine and/or 6 months imprisonment.
၉။ Ketamine (ketamine is classified as an NMDA receptor
antagonist, and, like other drugs of this class such as tiletamine, and
phencyclidine (PCP), induces a state referred to as “dissociative
anesthesia.” As with other pharmaceuticals of this type, ketamine is
used illicitly as a recreational drug, sometimes referred to as Special
K.)
Also Known as
K, Special K, Vitamin K, Kit Kat
Description
•Ketamine is an anaesthetic for veterinary as well as human use. The
drug takes the form of a white crystalline powder, a liquid or a tablet.
As a drug of abuse in the US and Australia, Ketamine has become common
at dance parties or ‘raves’.
•Ketamine produces a progression of effects from a state of dreamy
intoxication to delirium accompanied by the inability to move, feel pain
or remember what has occurred while under the drug’s influence. The
effects of Ketamine last an hour or less but the drug can affect the
senses, judgement and coordination for 18 to 24 hours.
The Effects
•Hallucination
•Alter sensation, mood and consciousness
•Distort hearing, touch, smell, taste and visual sensation
•Nausea and vomiting
•Loss of memory
Penalties
•Illegal traffic of Ketamine – Up to 20 years imprisonment and 10 strokes of the cane.
•Illegal import or export of Ketamine – Up to 30 years imprisonment or imprisonment for life and 15 strokes of the cane.
•Possession and consumption of Ketamine – Up to S$20,000 fine or 10 years imprisonment or BOTH.
၁၀။ Methamphetamine ((methylamphetamine or desoxyephedrine),
popularly shortened to meth and also nicknamed “ice”, is a
psychostimulant and sympathomimetic drug.)
Also Known as
yaba, crazy horse pill
Description
•The stimulant powder in ‘yaba’ is produced from the ephedrine plant. By
adding other substances like dyes, the bulk material for the tabletting
process is prepared. The different colours of the stimulant powder are
used to distinguish the quality and purity of the methamphetamine used.
Most of the ‘yaba’ tablets found are embossed with the ‘WY’ logo and are
green and orange in colour.
•Some labourers abuse ‘yaba’ for economic purpose to give them a boost
so that they can work longer hours. Other reasons for its abuse include
its affordability and ease of consumption than other drugs.
The Effects
•Increased heart beat
•Dehydration
•Paranoid feeling
•Sweating
•Insomnia
•Irritability
•Stroke
•Depression
Penalties
•Illegal traffic, import or export of ‘Yaba’ of more than 250 grams – DEATH.
•Possession and consumption of ‘Yaba’ – Up to S$20,000 fine or 10 years imprisonment or BOTH.
၁၁။ မော်ဖင်း (Morphine)
နာကျင်မှု ဝေဒနာသက်သာစေရန် အသုံးပြုသည့် ဘိန်းမှ ထုတ်လုပ် ရရှိသော မှိန်းဆေးတစ်မျိုးပေါ့။
Description
When raw opium is purified, a light brown powder called morphine base is
produced. Morphine itself is a white powder. It can come in block,
tablet, capsule, powder or solution form.
The Effects
If an abuser tries to stop using morphine, his body reacts strongly and he experiences painful withdrawal symptoms:
•Aches and spasms
•Stomach cramps and convulsions
•Shaking and vomiting
•Running nose
•Watery eyes
•Loss of appetite
•Diarrhoea
Penalties
•Illegal traffic, import or export of morphine of more than 30 grams – DEATH.
•Possession and consumption of morphine – up to S$20,000 fine or 10 years imprisonment or BOTH.
၁၂။ ဘိန်း (Opium)
Description
Raw opium is brown, hard like rubber and has a strong smell. When it is
cooked, it becomes dark brown or black colour and is called “prepared
opium”.
Apparatus for Opium
•In most cases, opium is usually smoked by using opium pipes of
different forms. The pipe has a long thick stem with a bowl-shaped head
at one end. A small piece of opium is put into the head of the pipe and
heated. Smoke is produced and inhaled through the stem of the pipe.
The Effects
If an abuser tries to stop using opium, his body reacts strongly and he experiences painful withdrawal symptoms:
•Aches and spasms
•Stomach cramps and convulsions
•Shaking and vomiting
•Running nose
•Watery eyes
•Loss of appetite
•Diarrhoea
Penalties
•Illegal traffic, import or export of opium of more than 1200g and containing more than 30g of morphine – DEATH.
•Possession and consumption of opium – up to S$20,000 fine or 10 years imprisonment or BOTH.
အဲဒါတွေပါပဲ။ ဘာရယ်လို့မဟုတ်ပါဘူး သိထားတော့ ကောင်းတာပေါ့။ ဗဟုသုတလည်း
ရတာပေါ့။ တစ်ခုသတိထားရမှာ ကီလို ရောင်းတဲ့အခါမှာ စစ်ဆေးဖို့လိုလိမ့်မယ်။
သူများပစ္စည်းသယ်တဲ့အခါ အဲဒီ ဆေးဝါးတစ်မျိုးမျိုးပါနေရင်
မိမိတာဝန်သာဖြစ်ပေတယ်။ ရတာနဲ့ ရှင်းရတာ မကာမိပါဘူး။ ရှင်းမနိုင်ရင်
အထက်ဖော်ပြပါအတိုင်း ပြစ်ဒဏ်ကျခံရလိမ့်မယ်။
2 comments
chitsayar
August 24, 2010 at 2:11 pm
ဟုတ်ပါတယ် အချို ့ဆိုင်တွေဆို ဝေဒနာရှင်ကိုယ်တိုင်
အဟွတ် အဟွတ် လုပ်ပြမှ ရောင်းပါတယ်
တခါ ကိုရွေ မြန်မာ တစ်ယောက် အဟွတ် အဟွတ် လုတ်တာ ပုံမကြလို ့ မရတဲ့အပြင်
ရဲနှင့်ပါ အဖမ်းခံလိုက်ရသေးတယ်
Pyaung Gye
August 24, 2010 at 2:46 pm
ဗဟုသုတရပါတယ်