တောင်အာဖရိက နိုင်ငံ က ရေကာတာ နဲ့ ဆည်တွေ – SOUTH AFRICAN DAMS AND RESERVOIRS II

ဒုတိယအပိုင်း 

တောင်အာဖရိက နိုင်ငံ က ရေကာတာ နဲ့ ဆည်တွေ ကိုဆက်လက်ပြီး လေ့လာရအောင်၊

မြင်ကွင်းကျယ် ရှူခင်းတွေကိုရိုက်လို့ရအောင်

 လေယာဉ်တွေ နဲ့ ကောင်းကင်ပေါ်တက်ပြီး 

ဓာတ်ပုံတွေကို ခဲရာခဲဆစ် ရိုက်လာကြ တာ၊

Gariep Dam

၁၉၆၆ ကစတင်ဆောက်လုပ်ပြီး ၁၉၇၁ တွင် ဖွင့်လှစ်တာ    ( ၄၁ နှစ် တောင် ကြာညောင်းခဲ့ပါပြီ)

GARIEP DAM

http://www.dwaf.gov.za/orange/mid_orange/gariep.aspx

The Gariep Dam (formerly known as the Hendrik Verwoerd Dam) forms the largest storage reservoir on South Africa with a total storage of approximately 5 500 million m³ and a surface area of more than 370 km² when full. The dam is the central structure of the original Orange River Project which involves the supply of water to parts of the Vaal, Fish and Sundays catchments as well as to irrigation along the Orange river itself.

Water from the Gariep Dam is released downstream into the Vanderkloof Dam through four generators which are each capable of producing 90 MW of electricity at a flow rate of approximately 200 m³/s. The hydro-power plant can therefore provide up to 360 MW of electricity at a flow rate of 800 m³/s.

The Gariep Dam is 88m high (90.5m above foundation level), with a crest length of 914m and contains approximately 1.73 million m³ of concrete. It is situated in a gorge at the entrance to Ruigte Valley some 5km east of Norvalspont. It is a combined gravity and arch dam built entirely of concrete. Since the gorge at the dam site is too wide to allow a complete arch, only the central portion is arched. The two concrete flank walls were needed to form artificial gravity abutments for the main arch. The dam is a double curvature structure i.e. it is shaped like an egg shell making it one of the most impressive and aesthetically appealing dams in South Africa.

Gariep Dam was the first dam where the construction was put out to tender by the DWAF who had previously planned, designed and constructed all major water works commissioned in South Africa. The tender was awarded to Union Corporation/Dumez Borie Dams in 1966 and it was commissioned in 1971.

————————

Katse Dam

http://www.dwaf.gov.za/orange/up_orange/katsedam.aspx

The key to the Lesotho Highlands Water Project is the breathtaking Katse Dam which has recently (1997) been completed in the Malibamatso Valley just below the Bokong River confluence.

This dead storage is approximately 430 million m³ with the result that the effective live storage behind Katse Dam is reduced from the total storage capacity of 1 950 million m³ to 1520 million m³.

The Katse Dam is a double curvature concrete arch dam with a crest length of 710m and contains 2.3 million m³ of concrete. The catchment area of the dam is 1867 km² …

The Vanderkloof Dam was designed by a consortium of local and overseas consultants and constructed by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Construction started in April 1971 and the dam was finally commissioned in September 1977.

The hydro-power plant can therefore provide up to 240 MW of electricity at a flow rate of 400 m³/s.

——————————–

Bloemhof Dam

၁၉၆ဝ နဲ့ ၁၉၇ဝ ကြား အနှောင်းပိုင်း ကစတင်ဆောက်လုပ်ပြီး ၁၉၇ဝ တွင် ဖွင့်လှစ်တာ

 (ခုဆို ၄၂ နှစ် တောင်ရှိပါပြီ)

Orange

http://www.dwaf.gov.za/orange/vaal/bloemhof.aspx

Bloemhof Dam is situated on the Vaal River, downstream of Vaal Dam approximately 2km upstream of the town of Bloemhof. The dam, originally known as Oppermansdrif Dam was constructed during the late sixties and was commissioned in 1970. It is a composite dam comprising earthfill flanks on each side of a 305m long central concrete spillway. Due to the flat topography of the area, the dam wall is very long with a total crest length of 4 270m and a maximum wall height of only 35.2m above deepest foundation level.

Bloemhof Dam was constructed to impound runoff originating below the Vaal Dam to meet the needs of users in the Lower Vaal River area. The dam supplies water to various industrial and municipal users although most of the water released from the dam is used for riparian irrigation along the Vaal River totaling 17 000ha. Water is also released from Bloemhof Dam to augment supplies to the Vaalharts Government Water Scheme where approximately 37 000ha are under irrigation. 

————–

Orange River Project

DWAF: Orange River Project

http://www.dwaf.gov.za/orange/low_orange/default.aspx

—————–

Boegoeberg Dam

http://www.dwaf.gov.za/orange/low_orange/boegoebe.asp

————–

Vaal Dam

၁၉၃၈ က ပြီးလို့ ခုဆိုရင် ၇၄ နှစ် တောင် ရှိပြီ မဟုတ်ဘူးလား?

Orange

http://www.dwaf.gov.za/orange/vaal/vaaldam.aspx

At full supply level¸ the Vaal Dam can store 2 536 million m³/a with a surface area of approximately 320 km² making it a relatively large and shallow reservoir.

Vaal Dam forms the central storage reservoir for the Vaal River water supply system which supplies water to the industrial powerhouse of the whole country. The area supplied from the Vaal River System, generates more than 50% of South Africa’s gross geographical product (GGP), more than 80% of the country’s electricity and includes some of the largest gold, platinum and coal mines in the world. Vaal Dam is therefore of great importance to South Africa and a key component of the water supply infrastructure for Gauteng and the surrounding provinces…

The construction of Vaal Dam started during the depression of the early thirties and the dam was completed in 1938 with a wall height of 54.2m above lowest foundation and a full supply capacity of 994 million m³. The dam is a concrete gravity structure with an earthfill section on the right flank. It was built as a joint venture by Rand Water and the Department of Irrigation (now known as the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry).