အင်္ဂလိပ်စာဝေါဟာရ ကြွယ်ဝလိုသော်(၂)

အရင်တပတ်က အင်္ဂလိပ်စာဝေါဟာရကြွယ်ဝလိုလျှင် မိမိနှင့်ရင်းနှီးပြီးသား လွယ်ကူသည်ဟု ထင်ရသည့် စကားလုံးလေးများကို တိတိကျကျ ၊ ထိထိမိမိ၊လှလှပပသုံးစွဲတတ်အောင် လေ့ကျင့်ထားသင့်ကြောင်း အများနှင့်ရင်းနှီးပြီးသားဖြစ်သည့် ”Look” ဟူသောစကားလုံးလေးကို နမူနာပြပြီး တင်ပြခဲ့သည်ကို မှတ်မိကြပါလိမ့်မည်။

ယခုဆက်လက်ပြီး ”Look”ကဲ့သို့ပင် အများနှင့်အကျွမ်းတဝင်ရှိပြီးသားဖြစ်သည့် ”Turn”နှင့် ”Come” ဆိုသည့် စကားလုံးလေးများကို လေ့လာကြည့်ရအောင်။

”Turn”ဆိုသည့် စကားလုံးလေးမှာ ယခု ခေတ်စားနေသည့် G.P.S များတွင် အတွေ့ရများသည့် စကားလုံးလေး ဖြစ်ပါသည်။ ဥပမာ-

Turn right – ညာကိုကွေ့

Turn left – ဘယ်ကိုကွေ့

Turn around – ပြန်လှည့်ပါ

စသည့် ဝါကျလေးများကို အားလုံးရင်းနှီးပြီးသား ဖြစ်ပါလိမ့်မည်။ သို့သော် Turn ကို အခြားအဓိပ္ပာယ်များနှင့်လည်း သုံးစွဲနိုင်ပါသေးသည်။

ဖော်ပြပါဝါကျလေးများကို ကြည့်ရအောင် ။

You should take a seat now. This is my turn.

Usually, the leaves turn red or yellow in the fall.

ပထမဝါကျ၌ Turn သည် ကြိယာမဟုတ်၊ကတ္တားဖြစ်နေတဲ့အပြင် အဓိပ္ပာယ်မှာလည်း ကွေ့ခြင်းနှင့် လုံးဝမဆိုင်ဘဲ ”အလှည့်”ကျတဲ့ သဘောကို ဆောင်ပါတယ်။

ဒုတိယဝါကျမှတော့ ‘Turn’ဟာ ‘ကွေ့တယ်၊ချိုးတယ်’ စသည့်အဓိပ္ပာယ်များနှင့်လုံးဝမဆိုင်ဘဲ ‘အသွင်ပြောင်း၊အရောင်ပြောင်း’သွားတဲ့သဘောကို ဆောင်နေပါတယ်။

လွယ်ကူပါတယ်လို့ ထင်ရတဲ့ ‘Turn’ ဆိုတဲ့ စကားလုံးလေးကို prepositionလေးတွေကပ်ပေးလိုက်တဲ့အခါ အဓိပ္ပာယ်လေးတွေ ပြောင်းသွားပုံကို လေ့လာကြည့်ရအောင်။

Turn on the T.V.

She turns me on.

Turn off the T.V.

When you we dirty words, it really turns me off.

‘Turn’ ကို ‘on’ နှင့် ‘off ‘ ကို့ဖြင့် တွဲ၍သုံးသည့်အခါ မီး၊ T.V စသည်တို့ကို ဖွင့်ခိုင်း ပိတ်ခိုင်းခြင်း ဖြစ်ကြောင်း အားလုံးသိကြပါသည်။ သို့သော် ‘Turn on’ နှင့် ‘turn off’ ကို နှလုံးသားရေးရာမှာလည်း သုံးစွဲတတ်ကြောင်း အားလုံး သိချင်မှ သိကြပါလိမ့်မည်။ သတိထားစေလိုပါသည် ။

မိမိနှင့် အဆင်ပြေသည့် မိန်းမချောလေးကို ‘ Your red shoes really turn me on. ဟု ပြော၍ ပြဿနာမဖြစ်နိုင်သော်လည်း မရင်းနှီးလှသည့် လုပ်ဖော်ကိုင်ဖက်တဦးကို

‘Wow! Your short skirt really turns me on’ ဟု ပြောလိုက်မိလျှင်တော့ ကံကောင်းလျှင်တော့ ဒေါက်မြင့်ဖိနပ်စာ မိမည်။ ကံမကောင်းလျှင် အလုပ်ပြုတ်ရုံမက ရုံးပြင်ကန္တားပင် ရောက်ရှိသွားနိုင်ပါသည်။

အလားတူပင် အောက်ပါ ဝါကျလေးများ၌

Turn up the volume please.

The lost boy turned up at his uncle’s house.

Turn down the volume.

She turned down my offer of marriage.

အသံကို မြှင့်လိုက်ပါ ၊ နှိမ့်လိုက်ပါ စသည့်အသုံးအနှုံးများကို အများသိကြသော်လည်း

‘Turn up’၏ ‘ ပြန်ကွေ့ရတယ်’ ဆိုတဲ့ အဓိပ္ပာယ်မျိုး၊ ‘Turn down’၏ ငြင်းပယ်လိုက်တယ်ဆိုတဲ့ အဓိပ္ပာယ်မျိုးကို အားလုံး နားလည်ချင်မှ နားလည်ပါလိမ့်မည်။

‘Turn’ ကဲ့သို့ပင် ‘Come’ ဆိုသော လွယ်ကူသည့် စကားလုံးလေးကိုပင် ထူးထူးခြားခြား ဆန်းဆန်းပြားပြား သုံးစွဲ၍ရနိုင်ကြောင်း သတိပြုမိစေလိုပါသည်။

ဥပမာအားဖြင့် ဖော်ပြပါ ဝါကျ ၃ ခုကို လေ့လာကြည့်ကြရအောင်။

Ide has come into some money recently.

Ide has really come up in the world. Ide just bought a trillion dollar home.

They home come down in the world.

They are selling their nice home and planning to rent a small apartment.

ပထမဝါကျ၌ ‘come’ သည် ‘သွားသည် ၊လာသည်’ အစရှိသော အဓိပ္ပာယ်များနှင့် လုံးဝမသက်ဆိုင်ဘဲ ‘မမျှော်လင့်ဘဲ ရရှိတယ်’ သဘောကို ဆောင်ပါသည်။

ဒုတိယဝါကျ၌ ‘come’ သည် ‘ချမ်းသာကြွယ်ဝလာသည်၊လူနေမှုအဆင့်အတန်းမြင့်မားလာသည်’ဟု အဓိပ္ပာယ်ရပြီး တတိယဝါကျ၌မူ ‘come’ သည် ‘ဆင်းရဲနွမ်းပါးသွားသည်၊လူနေမှုအဆင့်အတန်း နိမ့်ကျသွားသည်’ ဟု အဓိပ္ပာယ်ရပါသည်။

ယခုလောက်ဆိုလျှင် မိမိနှင့်အကျွမ်းတဝင်ရှိပြီးသား လွယ်ကူသည်ဟု ထင်ရသော စကားလုံးလေးများကို လှလှပပ၊ထိထိမိမိ၊ဆန်းဆန်းပြားပြား သုံးစွဲတတ်အောင် ဘယ်လိုလေ့လာထားရမည်၊ လေ့ကျင့်ရမည်ဟု သဘောပေါက်ပြီဟု ယူဆပါသည်။

အထူးသဖြင့် ကြိယာလေးများဖြင့် ‘on, in, by, of’ အစရှိသောpreposition လေးများကို ကပ်ပြီးသုံးသည့် ‘phrasal verb’ လေးများကို သုံးတတ်အောင် လေ့လာသင့်ကြောင်း အထူးမှာကြားလိုပါသည်။

နောက်တပတ်တွင် အင်္ဂလိပ် ဝေါဟာရ ပိုမိုကြွယ်ဝလာအောင် လေ့လာသင့်သည့် ‘synonyms’ ‘အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဆင်တူသည့် စကားလုံးလေးများ’အကြောင်း ဆက်လက်တင်ပြပါမည်။

စောင့်မျှော်ဖတ်ရှုကြပါရန် မေတ္တာရပ်ခံရင်း ရပ်နားပါဦးမည်။

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

မျိုးကျော်မြင့်

ESL Dept.
Mission Collage
LA, USA

မှတ်ချက်။ ။ အောက်တိုဘာ ၂၀၁၄ မြန်မာ့ဂဇက်တွင်ဖော်ပြပြီးဖြစ်သည်။

Post Views: 272

ဇီဇီ ခင်ဇော် (15102012)

September 14, 2014 at 6:48 pm

Phrasal Verbs:

.
come about
1. To take place; happen.
2. To turn around.
3. Nautical To change tack.
.
.
come across
1. To meet or find by chance: came across my old college roommate in town today.
2. Slang
a. To do what is wanted.
b. To pay over money that is demanded: came across with the check.
3. To give an impression: “He comes across as a very sincere, religious individual” (William L. Clay).
.
.
come along
1. To make advances to a goal; progress: Things are coming along fine.
2. To go with someone else who takes the lead: I’ll come along on the hike.
3. To show up; appear: Don’t take the first offer that comes along.
.
.
come around/round
1. To recover, revive: fainted but soon came around.
2. To change one’s opinion or position: You’ll come around after you hear the whole story.
.
.
come at
1. To obtain; get: come at an education through study.
2. To rush at; attack.
.
.
come back
1. To return to or regain past success after a period of misfortune.
2. To retort; reply: came back with a sharp riposte.
3. To recur to the memory: It’s all coming back to me now.
.
.
come between
To cause to be in conflict or estrangement.
.
.
come by
1. To gain possession of; acquire: Mortgages are hard to come by.
2. To pay a visit.
.
.
come down
1. To lose wealth or position: He has really come down in the world.
2.
a. To pass or be handed down by tradition: customs that come down from colonial times.
b. To be handed down from a higher authority: An indictment finally came down.
3. Slang To happen; occur: What’s coming down tonight?
4. Slang To experience diminishing effects of a recreational or hallucinogenic drug.
.
.
come in
1.
a. To arrive: Fall clothes will be coming in soon.
b. To become available for use: New weather information just came in.
c. To start producing. Used of an oil well.
2. To arrive among those who finish a contest or race: came in fifth.
3. To perform or function in a particular way: A food processor comes in handy.
4. To reply in a specified manner to a call or signal: The pilot’s voice came in loud and clear.
5. To take on a specified role: When editorial review commences, that’s where you come in.
.
.
come into
To acquire, especially as an inheritance: She came into a fortune on her 21st birthday.
come off
1. To happen; occur: The trip came off on schedule.
2. To acquit oneself: She is sure to come off badly if challenged to explain.
3. To turn out to be successful: a party that came off.
.
.
come on
1. To convey a particular personal image: comes on as an old-fashioned reactionary.
2. Slang To show sexual interest in someone: trying to come on to me during the party.
3.
a. To progress or advance in increments: Darkness came on after seven.
b. To begin in small increments or by degrees: Sleet came on after one o’clock.
4. To hurry up; move rapidly. Often used in the imperative: Would you please come on! We’ll be late!
5. To stop an inappropriate behavior; abandon a position or an attitude; be obliging. Used chiefly in the imperative: You’ve used the same feeble excuse for weeks. Come on!
.
.
come out
1. To become known: The whole story came out at the trial.
2. To be issued or brought out: The author’s new book just came out.
3. To make a formal social debut: She came out at age 18 in New York City.
4. To end up; result: Everything came out wrong.
5. To declare oneself publicly: The governor came out in favor of tax breaks.
6. To reveal that one is a gay man, a lesbian, or a bisexual.
.
.
come over
1. To change sides, as in a controversy.
2. To pay a casual visit.
.
.
come through
1. To do what is required or anticipated: I asked for their help, and they came through.
2.
a. To become manifest: The parents’ tenderness comes through in their facial expressions.
b. To be communicated: The coach’s displeasure came through loud and clear.
.
.
come to
1. To recover consciousness: The fainting victim came to.
2. Nautical
a. To bring the bow into the wind.
b. To anchor.
.
.
come up
1. To manifest itself; arise: The question never came up.
2. To rise above the horizon: The sun came up.
3. To rise, as in status or rank: a general who came up from the ranks.
4. To draw near; approach: came up and said hello.
.
.
come upon
To discover or meet by accident.
.
.
come with Informal
To accompany someone; go along: I’m going to the store; do you want to come with?

9 comments

ဇီဇီ ခင်ဇော် (15102012)
September 14, 2014 at 6:44 pm

Phrasal Verbs:

.
.
turn away
1. To send away; dismiss: turned away the clerk.
2. To repel: The poor location of the house turned away prospective buyers.
3. To avert; deflect: turned away all criticism.
.

turn back
1. To reverse one’s direction of motion: stopped on the road and had to turn back.
2. To drive back and away: turned back the uninvited comers.
3. To halt the advance of: turned back the advancing army.
4. To fold down: Turn back the page’s corner to save your place in the book.
.
.
turn down
1. To diminish the speed, volume, intensity, or flow of: Turn down the radio, please.
2. To reject or refuse, as a person, advice, or a suggestion: turned down the invitation.
3. To fold or be capable of folding down: turn a collar down; a collar that turns down.
.
.
turn in
1. To hand in; give over: turned in the final exam.
2. To inform on or deliver: The criminal turned herself in.
3. To produce: turns in a consistent performance every day.
4. Informal To go to bed: I turned in early last night.
.
.
turn off
1. To stop the operation, activity, or flow of; shut off: turned off the television.
2. Slang
a. To affect with dislike, displeasure, or revulsion: That song really turns me off.
b. To affect with boredom: The play turned the audience off.
c. To lose or cause to lose interest; withdraw: turning off to materialism.
d. To cease paying attention to: The student turned off the boring lecture and daydreamed.
3. To divert; deflect.
4. Chiefly British To dismiss (an employee).
.
.
turn on
1. To cause to begin the operation, activity, or flow of: Turn on the light bulb.
2. To begin to display, employ, or exude: turn on the charm.
3. Slang
a. To take or cause to take a mind-altering drug, especially for the first time.
b. To be or cause to become interested, pleasurably excited, or stimulated. Often used with to: My aunt turned me on to jazz. She turned on to surfing this summer.
c. To excite or become excited sexually.
.
.
turn out
1. To shut off: turned out the lights.
2. To arrive or assemble, as for a public event or entertainment: Many protesters have turned out.
3. To produce, as by a manufacturing process; make: an assembly line turning out cars.
4. To be found to be, as after experience or trial: The rookie turned out to be the team’s best hitter.
5. To end up; result: The cake turned out beautifully.
6. To equip; outfit: troops that were turned out lavishly
7. Informal To get out of bed.
8. To evict; expel: The tenants were turned out.
.
.
turn over
1. To bring the bottom to the top or vice versa; invert.
2.
a. To shift the position of, as by rolling from one side to the other.
b. To shift one’s position by rolling from one side to the other.
3. To rotate; cycle: The engine turned over but wouldn’t start.
4. To think about; consider: turned over the problem in her mind.
5. To transfer to another; surrender: turned over the illegal funds.
6. Sports To lose possession of (the ball).
7. To do business to the extent or amount of: turn over a million dollars a year.
8. To seem to lurch or heave convulsively: My stomach turned over.
.
.
turn to
To begin work: If you quit dawdling and just turn to, your chores will be done soon.
.
.
turn up
1. To increase the speed, volume, intensity, or flow of: Turn up the radio.
2.
a. To find: She turned up the missing keys under her briefcase.
b. To be found: The papers will turn up sooner or later.
3. To make an appearance; arrive: Many old friends turned up at the reunion.
4. To fold or be capable of folding up: turning up his cuffs; cuffs that will turn up.
5. To happen unexpectedly: Something turned up, so I couldn’t go.
6. To be evident: a sculptor whose name turns up in the art circles.

Log in to Reply
ဇီဇီ ခင်ဇော် (15102012)
September 14, 2014 at 6:48 pm

Phrasal Verbs:

.
come about
1. To take place; happen.
2. To turn around.
3. Nautical To change tack.
.
.
come across
1. To meet or find by chance: came across my old college roommate in town today.
2. Slang
a. To do what is wanted.
b. To pay over money that is demanded: came across with the check.
3. To give an impression: “He comes across as a very sincere, religious individual” (William L. Clay).
.
.
come along
1. To make advances to a goal; progress: Things are coming along fine.
2. To go with someone else who takes the lead: I’ll come along on the hike.
3. To show up; appear: Don’t take the first offer that comes along.
.
.
come around/round
1. To recover, revive: fainted but soon came around.
2. To change one’s opinion or position: You’ll come around after you hear the whole story.
.
.
come at
1. To obtain; get: come at an education through study.
2. To rush at; attack.
.
.
come back
1. To return to or regain past success after a period of misfortune.
2. To retort; reply: came back with a sharp riposte.
3. To recur to the memory: It’s all coming back to me now.
.
.
come between
To cause to be in conflict or estrangement.
.
.
come by
1. To gain possession of; acquire: Mortgages are hard to come by.
2. To pay a visit.
.
.
come down
1. To lose wealth or position: He has really come down in the world.
2.
a. To pass or be handed down by tradition: customs that come down from colonial times.
b. To be handed down from a higher authority: An indictment finally came down.
3. Slang To happen; occur: What’s coming down tonight?
4. Slang To experience diminishing effects of a recreational or hallucinogenic drug.
.
.
come in
1.
a. To arrive: Fall clothes will be coming in soon.
b. To become available for use: New weather information just came in.
c. To start producing. Used of an oil well.
2. To arrive among those who finish a contest or race: came in fifth.
3. To perform or function in a particular way: A food processor comes in handy.
4. To reply in a specified manner to a call or signal: The pilot’s voice came in loud and clear.
5. To take on a specified role: When editorial review commences, that’s where you come in.
.
.
come into
To acquire, especially as an inheritance: She came into a fortune on her 21st birthday.
come off
1. To happen; occur: The trip came off on schedule.
2. To acquit oneself: She is sure to come off badly if challenged to explain.
3. To turn out to be successful: a party that came off.
.
.
come on
1. To convey a particular personal image: comes on as an old-fashioned reactionary.
2. Slang To show sexual interest in someone: trying to come on to me during the party.
3.
a. To progress or advance in increments: Darkness came on after seven.
b. To begin in small increments or by degrees: Sleet came on after one o’clock.
4. To hurry up; move rapidly. Often used in the imperative: Would you please come on! We’ll be late!
5. To stop an inappropriate behavior; abandon a position or an attitude; be obliging. Used chiefly in the imperative: You’ve used the same feeble excuse for weeks. Come on!
.
.
come out
1. To become known: The whole story came out at the trial.
2. To be issued or brought out: The author’s new book just came out.
3. To make a formal social debut: She came out at age 18 in New York City.
4. To end up; result: Everything came out wrong.
5. To declare oneself publicly: The governor came out in favor of tax breaks.
6. To reveal that one is a gay man, a lesbian, or a bisexual.
.
.
come over
1. To change sides, as in a controversy.
2. To pay a casual visit.
.
.
come through
1. To do what is required or anticipated: I asked for their help, and they came through.
2.
a. To become manifest: The parents’ tenderness comes through in their facial expressions.
b. To be communicated: The coach’s displeasure came through loud and clear.
.
.
come to
1. To recover consciousness: The fainting victim came to.
2. Nautical
a. To bring the bow into the wind.
b. To anchor.
.
.
come up
1. To manifest itself; arise: The question never came up.
2. To rise above the horizon: The sun came up.
3. To rise, as in status or rank: a general who came up from the ranks.
4. To draw near; approach: came up and said hello.
.
.
come upon
To discover or meet by accident.
.
.
come with Informal
To accompany someone; go along: I’m going to the store; do you want to come with?

Log in to Reply
ခင် ခ
September 14, 2014 at 7:09 pm

တင်ပေးသူရော မန့်ပေးကာရှင်းပြသူ မဇီဇီ ရော ဗဟုသုတရလို့ကျေးဇူးပါ

Log in to Reply
ဝင့်ပြုံးမြင့်
September 15, 2014 at 1:52 am

သူငယ်တန်းစာလား။

Log in to Reply
- kai
  September 15, 2014 at 9:39 am
  
  အီးမေးလ်စစ်စေချင်..။ :k:
  
  Log in to Reply
alinsett
September 15, 2014 at 9:45 am

ဂွစ်စ်ဂွစ်စ်

😆

Log in to Reply
kyeemite
September 15, 2014 at 3:19 pm

ကောင်းလှောင့်တေး…ကောင်းလှောင့်တေး…

Log in to Reply
awra-cho
September 15, 2014 at 4:37 pm

‌လေ့လာသွား ပါ ‌ေ ကြာင်း

Log in to Reply
Ma Ma
October 27, 2014 at 4:14 pm

အဖိုးတန်တဲ့ပိုစ့်တွေ လွတ်သွားလို့ ခုမှပြန်ဖတ်နေရတယ်။ 🙂

Log in to Reply

SEARCH

Related Articles

Learning English through Activism (9) – Prof; Myo Kyaw Myint

“ဂမ္ဘီရ M”

Learning English through Activism (8) – Prof; Myo Kyaw Myint

အင်္ဂလိပ်စာဝေါဟာရ ကြွယ်ဝလိုသော်(၂) – ဆရာမျိုးကျော်မြင့်