မြစ်ဆုံရေကာတာအကြောင်း အမှားနဲ့အမှန် – – Myitsone Myths and Truths XXVI

KyaemonNovember 18, 201619min2892

 

 wel26

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 ရအားမှလျှပ်စစ်စွမ်းအားဆိုတာငါ့အတွက်ပါ၊
သင့်အတွက်မဟုတ်ပါ
၂၀၁၄ ဇူလိုင်လ ၁၆ ရက်
 16 July 2014
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vermont1vermont2
ဆီနိတ်လွှတ်တော်အမတ် Leahy  က အမေရိကန် Vermont ဗာမွန့်ပြည်နယ်ကိုကိုယ်စားပြုပါတယ်၊
ယင်းပြည်နယ်ကသန့်လဲသန့် သက်လဲသက်သာတဲ့ရေအားလျှပ်စစ်ကိုအရမ်းကို အမှီသဟဲပြုရပါတယ်
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leahy
US Senator Leahy from Vermont represents a state which depends heavily on clean, cheap hydropower. His recent use of the budget bill to deny poor countries an opportunity to develop their hydropower resources has led to indepth discussion across the US. In his blog on the Centre for Global Development’s website, John Briscoe gives his views on the subject.
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ဆင်းရဲတဲ့နိုင်ငံတွေက မိမိတို့ရဲ့သံယံဇာတ ကိုအသုံးပြုပြီး ရအားလျှပ်စစ် ပျိုးထောင်နိုင်
ဘို့အခွင့်အလမ်း မ ရနိုင်အောင် လွှတ်တော်အမတ် Leahy  က ဘတ်ဂျက် ဥပဒေကြမ်းကို မကြာခင်
(၂၀၁၄) ကတင်သွင်းခဲ့တယ်
ဟားဗာဒ် Harvard တက္ကသိုလ်ပါမောက္ခ  John Briscoe  က ဒီကိစ္စကိုသူ့ရဲ့  blog ဘာ လုဒ်မှာ ဆွးနွေးထားတယ်
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 jbriscoe1
One of the great divides between the rich and poor worlds is access to electricity. Consumption of electricity by a standard single-family American refrigerator is ten times the consumption of electricity by the average Ethiopian. An equally great divide is the use of hydropower. In most rich countries over 80% of economically viable hydropower potential is tapped. In Africa the comparable figure is under 5%.

နိုင်ငံဆင်းရဲချမ်းသာတိုင်းဘို့ပေကြိုးတွေအနက်
မိသားစုသုံးလျှပ်စစ်နဲ့ နိုင်ငံသုံး ရေအားလျှပ်စစ်ပမာဏ
တွေပါ
 
အမေရိကန်မိသားစုရဲ့ရေခဲသေတ္တာ ကသုံးတဲ့ လျှပ်စစ်ဟာ 
Ehtiopian တဦးသုံး လျှပ်စစ်ရဲ့  ၁ဝ ဆ ရှိတယ်
ချမ်းသာနိုင်ငံက လျှပ်စစ် သံယံဇာတ မှ ၈ဝ % ကိုဖော်သုံးတယ်၊
အာဖရိက က ၅ % ဘဲ ဖော်သုံးနိုင်တယ်
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Many African countries are, accordingly, giving high priority to developing hydropower as a source of cheap, clean energy. But to tap this energy, they need assistance from external private and public partners. Historically the World Bank and other international finance institutions have played a major role. Indeed President Obama’s major initiative with Africa, called Power Africa*, also envisages a major role for hydropower.
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ဒါ ကြာင့်Africa

နိုင်ငံတွေက ရေအားလျှပ်စစ်ကိုအရင်ဦးစားပေးပြီးလုပ်ကြတယ် 
သန့်ရှင်းသက်သာတဲ့ရေအားလျှပ်စစ်ကိုလိုလားကြတယ်၊
   (မြန်မာပြည်ကအချိုသောသူတွေလို သူဌေးသားဂိုက် မ ထုတ်ပါ)
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Into this picture steps Senator Patrick Leahy of Vermont, the ranking Democrat on the Appropriations Committee. The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2014 contains a
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အမတ်Leahy က အဆင့်မြင့်ဘတ်ဂျက်ငွေသုံးစွဲရေးကော်မတီဝင်ပါ၊ 
legislative provision authored by Senator Leahy seeking to prohibit the construction of hydroelectric dams in poor countries: “Section 7060(c)(7)(D). The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States executive director of each international financial institution that it is the policy of the United States to oppose any loan, grant, strategy or policy of such institution to support the construction of any large hydroelectric dam.”
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ရေအားလျှပ်စစ်ထုတ်ရေကာတာကြီးအတွက်ချေးငွေ ထောက်ပံ့ကြေး၊
မူဝါဒ တွေကိုအမေရိကန်အစိုးရပေါ်လစီ ကဆန့်ကျင်တဲ့အလျောက်
သက်ဆိုင်ရာကိုအကြောင်းကြားရန် ညွှန်းကြားထားတယ်၊ 
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I come from South Africa, have lived in Mozambique, Bangladesh, India and Brazil and worked for 40 years on development. Time and time again I have seen NGOs and politicians
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ကျနော်က South Africa  ကပါ  Mozambique, Bangladesh, India, Brazil  နိုင်ငံမျိုးစုံမှာ  ဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေးလုပ်ငန်းတွေကို အနှစ် ၄ဝ လုပ်ဆောင်ခဲ့တယ်
ချမ်းသာတဲ့နိုင်ငံကနိုင်ငံရေးသမားတွေ (၎င်းတို့ရဲ့) NGO တွေက သူတို့ကိုယ်တိုင်
မ လျှောက်ခဲ့တဲ့လမ်း မ လျှောက်လိုတဲ့လမ်းကို ဆင်းရဲတဲ့နိုင်ငံတွေကိုလျှောက်ခိုင်းတယ်
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in rich countries advocate that the poor follow a path that they, the rich, never have followed, nor are willing to follow. And so I took a look at the reality of hydropower in Senator Leahy’s home state of Vermont.
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အမတ်ရဲ့ Vermont ကျတော့ ဒီလိုမဟုတ်ပါ၊ လျှပ်စစ်ထုတ် ရေကာတာ ၈၄ လုံး ရှိပြီး
ကနေဒါQuebec ပြည်နယ် ကလဲ ရေအားလျှပ်စစ်တော်တော်များများရယူလိုက်သေးတယ်
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vermontdam1vermontdam2vermontdam3vermontdam4
On his website Senator Leahy stated: “Vermont has 84 operating hydroelectric plants, with a total generating capacity of 190MW, and also draws a large portion of its energy portfolio from hydropower facilities operated by Hydro Quebec…Senator Leahy believes hydropower is one component of the alternative energy solution.”
At least 28 of Vermont’s dams meet the “large dams” definition used in the Leahy prohibition, as do all of the Quebec dams which supply electricity to Vermont. “Hydro-Québec’s clean, sustainable hydroelectric projects and relative price stability provide exactly the kind of power Vermonters have told us they would like,” says the CEO of Central Vermont’s Public Service.
 vermontdam5
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ကမ႓ာ့ဘဏ်မှာ အဆင့်မြင့် ရေဘက်ဆိုင်ရာအကြံပေးအရာရှိ အဖြစ် ၁ဝ နှစ်
တာဝန်ထမ်းဆောင်စဉ် မျှတအောင် (တဘက်စောင်းနင်းမဖြစ်အောင်)
ကြိုးစားခဲ့ပါတယ်၊ ကျနော်မြင်တာကခပ်ရှင်းရှင်းပါ
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As the Senior Water Advisor in the World Bank a decade ago, I had worked hard to bring some balance and common sense to this debate, and to incorporate these into the water policy of the Bank. It is clear to me how developing countries will see the stance of Senator Leahy. They will not see many of the inside-the-Beltway subtleties – that this is only a one-year legislative provision; that it expresses the views of one senator and his staff, and not necessarily the administration; that it might be designed to start a conversation, not to end one. My experience suggests that developing countries will see this as follows.
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ကိုယ့်အတွက်မူတမျိုးသူ့အတွက်မူတမျိုး
ကိုယ့်ပြည်နယ်ကိုဘဲဂရုစိုက် Africa ရဲ့  ဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေးကိုဂရုမစိုက်
Africa နိုင်ငံတွေက တရုပ်၊Brazil BRICS ဘဏ် ကို ဘဲခေါင်းလှည့်နေကြပြီ
First, as with similar efforts in the past, this will be seen as breathtaking hypocrisy. If Senator Leahy is so adamantly against hydropower, let him show his commitment by first turning out the lights of Vermont. Second, it reinforces a prevalent view that US policy towards the developing world is driven by politicians who are driven by extreme single-issue groups at home, and give little attention to the proven instruments – including infrastructure – which lead to growth and poverty reduction. Third, Africans and others are turning and will turn, with great appreciation, to the governments and companies of China and Brazil and potentially to a BRICs Bank**, who understand that electricity is one of the keys to a better life, and who will help Africans build the infrastructure they need for economic growth and poverty reduction .
vermapcomp

(မြန်မာက ဗာမွန့်ထက် ၂ရ ဆ ကြီးသော်လဲဘဲ ဗာမွန့်ကရေကာကြီး ၈၄ လုံး
ဆိုတော့ ဆရာဦးထွန်းလွင်တို့က ရေကာတာ ရ လုံး အားးလုံးရပ် ဆိုတာကို အမတ် လီဟိုင်
ဆီအရင်သွားပြီးမေးကြည့်ဘို့ကောင်းတယ်)
Additional thoughts
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  Obama ရဲ့  Power Africa အရကမ႓ာ့ဘဏ်က Congo  ကို ရကာတာ ၃ လုံးအတွက်  $ ၇၃ သန်း ငွချေးမယ်
စည်းကမ်းချက်တွေပါတယ်
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It cannot be said that Senator Leahy has the whole of US Congress’ support. Earlier in the year the Electrify Africa Act was approved with the bill specifically stating that the US encourages private sector and international support for the construction of hydroelectric dams in sub-Saharan Africa: as long as the dams are in the US’ national security interests and built following international best practice for environmental and social safeguards.
Then on 20 March the World Bank approved a US$73M grant to the Democratic Republic of Congo for the Inga 3 hydropower project. Commentators say that such highly complex projects need the support of multi-lateral development banks but that a lack of clear US policy is proving to be detrimental to the country’s development interests.

References

The twisted tale of Inga 3 by Michael Igoe and Paul Stephens. 17 April 2014. International Development News. https://www.devex.com/news/the-twisted-tale-of-inga-3-83232
* In June 2013 President Obama announced Power Africa – an initiative to double the number of people with access to power in Sub-Saharan Africa. It aims to achieve this goal by unlocking substantial wind, solar, hydropower, natural gas and geothermal resources in the region to enhance energy security, decrease poverty and advance economic growth.
**The BRICS Development Bank is a proposed multi-lateral development bank to be operated by Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
Author information
John Briscoe is a Professor of Environmental Engineering at Harvard University where he directs the Harvard Water Security Initiative. He also serves on the Centre for Global Development’s Advisory Group.
IWP&DC would like to thank the Centre for Global Development for permission to reproduce John Briscoe’s blog which was originally published online on 6 March 2014. Hydropower for Me but Not for Thee–with Two Postscripts
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   ဒီဆောငျးပါးအရ

အနောက်နိုင်ငံမှရေကာတာကြီးအတွက်ချေးငွေရဘို့မလွယ်ပါ၊

International Rivers တို့လို NGO တွေကဘာကြောင့်အော်ရတယ်ကိုနဲနဲနားလည်လာတယ်
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John Briscoe က Stockholm Water Prize ရေဘက်ဆိုင်ရာ နိုဘဲဆုကိုဆွတ်ခူးခဲ့တယ်၊သူမတူအောင်ကမ႓ာနဲ့ဒေသဆိုင်ရာရေထိန်းသိမ်းမှုတွေကို
စွမ်းစွမ်းတမံ ပါဝင်ဆောင်ရွက်ခဲ့တဲ့အတွက်ချီးမြှင့်တာပါ၊
John Briscoe (July 30, 1948 – November 12, 2014) was a South African-born environmental engineer who was Visiting Professor of the Practice of Environmental Health in the Department of Environmental Health at Harvard School of Public Health. He was known as “Mr. Water” to environmental economists. At Harvard, Briscoe also held appointments at the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) as Gordon McKay Professor of the Practice of Environmental Engineering,[1] and at the Harvard Kennedy School. His career focused on efforts on the developing world to successfully manage and preserve water as a precious resource.[2] In early 2014, he received the Stockholm Water Prize – the “Nobel Prize of Water” – for “unparalleled contributions to global and local management of water – contributions covering vast thematic, geographic, and institutional environments-that have improved the lives and livelihoods of millions of people worldwide.”
He spoke English, Afrikaans, Bengali, Portuguese, and Spanish.

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