တပါတီစံနှစ်ကိုကျင့်သုံးကြတဲ့ကွန်မြူနစ်နိုင်ငံတွေကနဲပါးလာပြီး၊၎င်း

နိုင်ငံအသိုင်းအဝိုင်းအနဲအကျဉ်းမှာ လာအိုလဲပါဝင်တယ်၊

လွန်ခဲ့တဲ့ ဆယ်နှစ်ကာလ မှာဆိုရင် ဖျမ်းမျှအားဖြင့် ၈ % နှစ်စဉ်တိုးတက်လို့
အာရှမှာ တိုးတက်မှုအမြန်ဆုံး ထဲကတနိုင်ငံ ဖြစ်ခဲ့တယ်၊

သို့သော်အခြေခံ အဆောက်အအုံတွေမပြည့်စုံမဖူလုံသေးပါ၊ အထူးသဖြင့်နယ်မှာပါ၊
ပင်မ လမ်းပန်းဆက်သွယ်ရေး နဲ့ မြေတယ်လီဖုန်း လိုင်းတွေက မဖွံ့ဖြိုးသေး ပါ၊
လူဦးရေ ၈၃ % တို့က လျှပ်စစ် ကိုလက်လှမ်းမှီနိုင်သုံးစွဲနိုင်တယ်၊
လူဦးရေ ၇၃ % ကလယ်သမားဖြစ်ကြပြီး ၎င်းတို့က တနိုင်ငံလုံးဝင်ငွေ ရဲ့ ၂၅ %

ကိုရှာဖွေပေးကြတယ်၊

 

 

 

 

LAOS

FROM CIA WORLD FACTBOOK

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/la.html
The government of Laos, one of the few remaining one-party communist states, began decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise in 1986. Economic growth averaged 6% per year from 1988-2008 except during the short-lived drop caused by the Asian financial crisis that began in 1997. Laos’ growth has more recently been amongst the fastest in Asia and averaged nearly 8% per year for the last decade.
Nevertheless, Laos remains a country with an underdeveloped infrastructure, particularly in rural areas. It has a basic, but improving, road system, and limited external and internal land-line telecommunications. Electricity is available to 83% of the population. Agriculture, dominated by rice cultivation in lowland areas, accounts for about 25% of GDP and 73% of total employment.
Laos’ economy is heavily dependent on capital-intensive natural resource exports. The economy has benefited from high-profile foreign direct investment in hydropower dams along the Mekong river, copper and gold mining, logging, and construction, although some projects in these industries have drawn criticism for their environmental impacts.

---

   
လာအိုနဲ့မြန်မာ တဦးချင်း ဝင်ငွေ နှိုင်းယှဉ်ဇယား

အောက်ကပုံတွေကိုကြည့်ပါ

အမှတ်စဉ် ၁၄၆ လာအို ရဲ့တဦးချင်းဝင်ငွေ က ၃၁၀ဝ US$

အမှတ်စဉ် ၁၅၈ မြန်မာ ရဲ့တဦးချင်းဝင်ငွေ က ၁၇၀ဝ US$

ဆိုတော့ လာအို က မြန်မာထက် ၁၄၀ဝ US$ (၈ဝ %) သာနေတယ်၊
(နောက် တဆ နီးပါးသာနေပါတယ်၊
နှစ်ဆ နီးပါးဆိုပါစို့)
(၁၉၉ရ က စ ပြီး ၂၀၁၆ အထိ တရွေ့ရွေ့ပြောင်းလဲလာပုံကိုအောက်ဆုံး
အပိုင်း မှာ လဲ ထပ်မံတင်ပြထားတယ်)

---

 

Rank                   Country                                      GWh                    Year

၂၀၀ဝ မှ ၂၀၁၄ ထိ နှစ်စဉ်နိုင်ငံခြားကိုတင်ပို့ရောင်းချ
လိုက်တဲ့လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်အား ဇယား (ကီလိုဝပ်နာရီ)

 

စရာဘူရိ ရေကာတာ 

Xayaburi Dan

Laos’ 1,285-MW Xayaburi hydropower project receives loan from Thai construction firm

Hydroworld.com

 

 

စရာဘူရိ ရေကာတာ လုပ်ဘို့ချေးငွေ US $ ၅၃၁. ရ သန်း ကို ယိုးဒယား ကုမ္ပဏီ Karnchang PLC က ရခဲ့တယ်

Thai construction firm CH. Karnchang PLC has approved a loan totaling more than US$531.7 million to subsidiary Xayaburi Power Co. Ltd. for the development of Laos’ 1,285-MW Xayaburi hydropower plant.

The financing, approved during a CK board meeting earlier this week, will be used “to pay for the increased construction works” of the project, “due to the Government of the Lao PDR’s amendment to the scope of construction work.”
 

 

HydroWorld.com reported in November that the $3.5 billion project was 60% complete, with additional financing coming form a consortium of Thai banks.
Power generated by the run-of-river will be sold under a 31-year power purchase agreement to the Electricity Generating Company of Thailand and Electricite du Laos.
 

 

 

 

Xayaburi is the first of 11 hydroelectric projects proposed for the Lower Mekong River as part of Laos’ plan to become the “battery of the region.”
Thailand is the largest purchaser of Laotian energy, though the country also exports to Vietnam and Cambodia under terms of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
Xayaburi Dam
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xayaburi_Dam

 

 

 

အဆင့်။…………. နိုင်ငံ။ …………………………လျှပ်စစ်အင်အား ။ ……..ထုတ်လုပ်တဲ့ နှစ်၊

 

Rank            Country                                                 GWh                              Year

 

History
On 4 May 2007, the Lao government signed a memorandum of understanding with Thailand’s CH. Karnchang Public Company for the development of this hydropower project. The formal project development agreement followed in November 2008,

Xayaburi Dam – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Xayaburi Dam is a hydroelectric dam under construction on the Lower Mekong River approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Xayaburi (Sainyabuli) town in n…
View on en.wikipedia.org

The country’s earliest major dam was built on the Ngum River in Vientiane Province, for the Nam Ngum 1 Hydropower plant. Completed in 1971 with Japanese aid, it flooded 370 km² of forest and farmland to create a large reservoir

One of the most productive hydropower projects in Laos has been the Theun-Hinboun scheme in the center of the country, and built in two phases which opened in 1998 and 2012. The initial project featured a relatively small dam and reservoir, transferring water from the Theun River to the neighbouring (and lower) Hinboun River by tunnel, producing 220 MWh
နိုင်ငံခြားကိုတင်ပို့ရောင်းချဘို့ ပစ္စည်းသိပ်မရှိလှတဲ့အချိန်မှာ ဒီလိုရေလျှပ်စစ်
စွမ်းအားတွေကိုယိုးဒယား ဆီတင်ပို့နိုင်လို့စီးပွါးအတော်ဖြစ်ထွန်းခဲ့တယ်၊

 

.Theun-Hinboun provided substantial economic benefits to Laos through energy sales to neighboring Thailand at a time when the country had few exports, and its success encouraged other international investments in the country, including the Theun-Hinboun Expansion Project.[3] This project added another 220-MW turbine at the Theun-Hinboun powerhouse and also built a 60-MW powerhouse on the Gnouang River, a tributary river of the Nam Theun. The water for this expanded power generation is supplied by a new 105-km2 reservoir on the Nam Gnouang, created by construction of the 65-m high NG Dam.

(Sales to Thailand – a substantial source of annual income)
ဒိအပြင် နောက်ထပ်လျှပ်စစ်စွမ်းအားထုတ် ရေကာတာ၂၁ လုံးကိုတည်ဆောက်ဘို့
လာအို အစိုးရက သဘောတူခွင့်ပြုထားတယ်၊
၂၀၁၂ – ၂၀၂၂ အတွင်းမှာ တနှစ်ကို ဓာတ်အားထုတ် ရေကာတာ ၂ လုံး ဆောက်လုပ်မယ်၊
An additional 21 dam projects in Laos have been granted power development agreements by the Lao government, which expects to open two new power plants in the country every year from 2012-2022.

နိုင်ငံရဲ့စီးပွါးရေးဖွံ့ဖြိုးတိုးတက်နိုင်ဘို့ နိုင်ငံခြားငွေက အရေးပါအရာရောက်တယ်
၎င်းငွေကိုရနိုင်တဲ့နည်း ဟာ အိမ်နီးချင်း ယိုးဒယားကိုလျှပ်စစ်ရောင်းတာ က အဓိကဖြစ်တယ် လို့
မြင်ကြတယ်၊

 

The controversy of dam building mirrors that concerning globalization. Proponents argue that the dams provide a sustainable source of foreign currency vital for economic growth, achieved primarily by selling electricity to neighbouring Thailand

 

(FYI, Laos sells electricity to Thailand and Vietnam because of proximity. However, for the same proximity reason, Laos imports electricity from China dams for its northern cities.
Will someone then categorize Laos as poohing in China and “suckering” China?).

လျှပ်စစ်အများဆုံးထုတ်လုပ်တဲ့ အာရှနိုင်ငံများဇယား

တရုပ် အိန္ဒိယ ဂျပန် ကရှေ့မှာပါ၊
တရုပ် ကအိန္ဒိယ နဲ့ဂျပန် ထက် ၄ ဆ ၆ဆ ကြီးတယ်
တရုပ် ကအိန္ဒိယ ဂျပန် နဲ့ကျန် အာရှနိုင်ငံအားလုံးပေါင်း တို့ထက်
ရေအားလျှပ်စစ်ပိုထုတ်နိုင်တယ်

 

 

Laos
Laos is a place of remarkable beauty, world-renowned biodiversity and abundant natural resources. The country is traversed by a thousand rivers that teem with life….
View on www.internationalriver…

The Lao hydropower development plan contains 72 new large dams, 12 of which are under construction and nearly 25 at advanced planning stages (see map and table). Included in these are a series of nine dams on the lower Mekong Mainstream, of which Xayaburi is the first.

THPC
Laos Looks to Balance China’s Growing Economic Influence

Hydropower investment

 ရေကာတာ ၉ လုံး အတွက်  ရင်းနှီးကြမဲ့အဖွဲ့တွေ အနက် တရုပ်က  
၊ရှေ့ပြေးဖြစ်နေတယ်

 

…..China is also a leading investor in hydropower, with several dams planned to be built on tributaries
from the Mekong River with reports indicating China is preparing to sign contracts for up to nine
new dams. Laos’ northern provinces rely on electricity from China, as most Laos hydropower
power is exported to neighboring Thailand……

——————————-

THPC
Laos, a land of mountains, plateaus, valleys, forests and rivers, has long been recognised as a country with huge potential for hydropower.
View on www.thpclaos.com

In 1996 the Lao Government set a poverty reduction goal, aiming to lift the country out of the UN’s list of Least Developed Countries by 2020. The power sector has been allocated a central role in this ambition, and is tasked with meeting two national priorities: promotion of economic and social advancement through a reliable and affordable domestic power supply; and the earning of foreign exchange through electricity exports.

Theun-Hinboun Power Company, Lao PDR

 

Theun-Hinboun Power Company, Lao PDR
Welcome to THPC A guiding model for sustainable hydropower in the Lao PDR THPC operates the Theun-Hinboun hydropower plant in Bolikhamxay and Khammo…
View on www.thpclaos.com

 

The Lao People’s Democratic Republic in December inaugurated a 1,070-MW hydropower project, the Nam Theun 2 Power Station. About 90% of the power generated by the facility will be exported to neighboring Thailand, giving the tiny landlocked nation of Laos an annual US$80 million revenue stream over the next 25 years. It will also supply electricity for 20% of Laos’ peak demand. This image shows the view from the 39-meter-high, 436-meter-long concrete gravity Nakai Dam in October 2010. Courtesy: Stanislas Fradelizi/NTP

 

Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), the tiny landlocked country in Southeast Asia of just 6.3 million people, in December inaugurated the 1,070-MW Nam Theun 2 Power Station, a hydropower project in Khammouane Province. It was constructed with financial aid from the World Bank and Asian Development Bank. Ninety percent of the electricity generated by the project is expected to be sold to Thailand, providing the PDR (also known as Laos) with an annual US$80 million revenue stream over the next 25 years.

Construction began on the project in June 2005, and the first export of electricity was made in March 2010. The plant also supplies around 20% of Laos’ peak demand. It was developed by the Nam Theun 2 Power Co., which is owned by Électricité de France International, Electricity Generating Public Co. (Thailand), and the Government of Lao PDR.

The project feeds on the abundant waters of the Nakai Plateau in central Laos and uses the 350-meter height difference between the plateau and the Gnommalath Plain below (Figure 3). According to the Nam Theun 2 Power Co., the energy in the falling water, channeled down a tunnel drilled through Karst Mountain, can generate an average 6,000 GWh of electricity per year.

 

Among the project’s key features is a 39-meter-high, 436-meter-long concrete gravity dam with integrated spillway. The power station is composed of four 250-MW Francis turbines for supplying power to the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand and two 37.5-MW Pelton turbines for supply to Électricité du Laos.

 

 

 

 

In the Spotlight

 

The economy of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) continues to grow vigorously. However, because it is a resource-rich country with an economy heavily reliant on mining and hydropower, more focus on diversifying the economy is needed. The government must strive for strong macroeconomic management, a sound fiscal framework, and effective budget management. While the government has consolidated expenditures to contain the deficit, it needs to increase fiscal and foreign reserves to absorb any future shocks.

ADB assistance to the Lao PDR is consistent with the rapidly evolving development needs of a lower-middle-income country. Under its national socioeconomic development plans, the government has adopted a policy to transform the Lao PDR from a landlocked to a landlinked country, and is aiming to be eligible to graduate from least developed country status by 2020.

 

 

No More among the World’s Most Poor: The Booming Economy of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic

• The economic boost in Lao PDR is creating jobs and lifting people out of poverty.

Historically, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic has had some of the highest poverty rates in Southeast Asia but a mix of energy and mineral exports, manufacturing, services, tourism, construction and agriculture are coming together to grow the economy, create jobs and lift people out of poverty.

• The Lao People’s Democratic Republic: No More among the World’s Most Poor
• Once reliant on energy exports, The Lao People’s Democratic Republic now has a booming, diverse economy
• Poverty rates in The Lao People’s Democratic Republic have fallen dramatically in recent years.

Historically, The Lao People’s Democratic Republic has suffered from some of the highest poverty rates in Southeast Asia but steady economic growth in recent years is changing the country’s story from deprivation to increasing prosperity, according to ADB’s Asian Development Outlook 2016.

The poverty rate in the country has fallen from 33.5% in 2003 to 23.2% in 2013. In 2011, gross national income per capita – generally speaking the country’s average annual income – surpassed $1,000. As a result, the World Bank reclassified the country from low-income to lower-middle income. By 2020, the government hopes to graduate from the United Nations’ status as a least-developed country.

Economic trend shows promise

If current economic trends are any indication, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic has a good chance of reaching those goals and dramatically improving the lives of people in the country. Gross domestic product growth – or the expansion of the country’s economy, which is key to lowering poverty – is forecast to reach 6.8% in 2016 and 7.0% in 2017. These are some of the highest growth rates in Asia.

“The country’s economic growth was once driven primarily by exporting energy – mostly hydropower – to its more prosperous neighbors, including Thailand. But the country’s economy is becoming more diversified, with manufacturing, services and tourism all helping to create the jobs that can lift people out of poverty.”

The country’s economic growth was once driven primarily by exporting energy – mostly hydropower – to its more prosperous neighbors, including Thailand. But the country’s economy is becoming more diversified, with manufacturing, services and tourism all helping to create the jobs that can lift people out of poverty.

The services sector grew by an estimated 8.5% with the number of bank branches and microfinance institutions continuing to increase. Tourism-related services such as hotels, restaurants and transportation continued to expand as tourist arrivals rose by 12.6% to 4.7 million visitors in 2015.

 

How Laos’s major dam on the Mekong is taking shape

 

The Xayaburi Dam now being built on the Mekong River is part of the Lao government’s strategy to become the ‘battery of South-East Asia’. A further eight dams are proposed along the river in Laos, with two more planned on this lower part of the river in other countries. When operational, the Xayaburi Dam will produce up to 1,285 megawatts of electricity, 95 per cent of which will be exported to Thailand, which is a project partner. This will provide much-needed export earnings for Laos, one of the poorest countries in South-East Asia.
calls the dam a “looming threat”. The dam owners counter that they have altered the dam’s initial design to mitigate any possible changes to river flow, but critics point out that these have never been tested before.
 —
 လျှပ်စစ်အား အထူးလိုအပ်ပြီး ငတ်ပြတ်နေတဲ့ ယိုးဒယား အတွက်
  လာအိုကကြိုတင်စိုက်ထုတ် ရင်းနှီးနေ

 

Laos aims to quadruple its hydropower capacity by 2030

•  

 

 

တဦးချင်းဝင်းဂွေနှိုင်းယှဉ်ခြင်းဇယား

နှစ်        လာအို      မြန်မာ

၁၉၉၇….. ၁၁၅၀…… ၁၁၂၀
၂၀၀ဝ ……၁၃၀ဝ ……၁၂၀၀
၂၀၀၅ ……၁၉၀၀…… ၁၇၀၀
၂၀၀၇……. ၂၀၀ဝ ……၁၂၀၀
၂၀၀၈……. ၂၁၀ဝ ……၁၂၀၀
၂၀၁ဝ ……..၂၁၀၀…… ၁၂၀ဝ
၂၀၁၁ ……..၂၇၀ဝ ……၁၆၀၀
၂၀၁၂ ………၂၉၀၀…… ၁၆၀၀
၂၀၁၆ ……..၃၁၀၀…… ၁၇၀၀

US $ နဲ့ပါ
နော်ဝေလို လာအို က ရေအားလျှပ်စစ် တိုးထုတ်လုပ်နိုင်
လို့ ပြည်တွင်းစက်မှုလုပ်ငန်းလဲအောင်၊ အိမ်နီးနားချင်း
နိုင်ငံတို့ကိုလဲ ပိုမိုရောင်းချနိုင်၊ ဒါတွေကြောင့် တဦးချင်းဝင်ငွေ
တက်လာတာပါဘဲ၊

၁၉၉ရ က လာအို နဲ့ မြန်မာ တူတူ လောက် ကနေ
လာအိုကတဖြေးဖြေး ပိုပို ရလာလို့ နောက်ပိုင်းတွင်
လာအိုက မြန်မာထက် ၈ဝ % ပိုရလာ ပြီး မြန်မာ
ရဲ့ ၁၈ဝ % ဖြစ်လာ၊နောင်လဲဒိထက် သာမယ်ဆိုတာ
ပြောဘို့မလိုပါ၊

Sources:

မူရင်း စာဆောင်များ

Laos Economy 1997

GDP – per capita purchasing power parity – $1,150 (1996 est.) 

http://www.photius.com/wfb1997/laos/laos_economy.html SOURCE: 1997

 

CIA WORLD FACTBOOK Laos Economy 2000

GDP – per capita: purchasing power parity – $1,300 (1999 est.)

Laos Economy – 2005

http://www.allcountries.org/wfb2005/laos/laos_economy.html

SOURCE: 2005 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK

GDP – per capita: purchasing power parity – $1,900 (2004 est.)

Laos Economy 2010

http://www.workmall.com/wfb2010/laos/laos_economy.html

SOURCE: 2010 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK AND OTHER SOURCES

GDP – per capita (PPP): $2,100 (2009 est.)

$2,100 (2008 est.)

$2,000 (2007 est.)

note: data are in 2009 US dollars

Laos Economy 2016

http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/laos/laos_economy.html

SOURCE: 2016 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK AND OTHER SOURCES

GDP – per capita: $3,100 (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 176

$2,900 (2012 est.) $2,700 (2011 est.)

Burma Economy 1997

http://www.photius.com/wfb1997/burma/burma_economy.html

GDP – per capita purchasing power parity – $1,120 (1996 est.)

 

Burma Economy 2000

GDP – per capita: purchasing power parity – $1,200 (1999 est.)

Burma Economy – 2005 http://www.allcountries.org/wfb2005/burma/burma_economy.html

GDP – per capita: purchasing power parity – $1,700 (2004 est.)

 

Burma Economy 2010

http://www.workmall.com/wfb2010/burma/burma_economy.html

GDP – per capita (PPP): $1,200 (2009 est.)

$1,200 (2008 est.)

$1,200 (2007 est.)

note: data are in 2009 US dollars

Burma Economy 2016

http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/burma/burma_economy.html

SOURCE: 2016 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK AND OTHER SOURCES

GDP – per capita: $1,700 (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 201 $1,600 (2012 est.)

$1,600 (2011 est.)

note: data are in 2013 US dollars 

The widening gap in GDP, here, seems to offer another line of thinking.
Laos must be doing something right in its quest to uplift its population from poverty.
Quite achievable and, in fact, is succeeding!

Isn’t this one of Daw Suu’s important goals? To uplift Burmese people.

Wouldn’t it be an important factor in assuring her re-election. Why treat this lightly?

“အပြတ်မပြောနဲ့ မချော”

အမတ်တွေကိုလစာ အပြည့်တောင် ပြန်တင်ပေးလို့ရ

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၁၉၈ဝ ၁၉၉၁၊ ၂၀၀၀၊၂၀၀၇၊ ၂၀၁၄ နှစ်များ အတွင်း
လာအို၊ မြန်မာ၊ တရုပ်၊ဂျပန်၊အိန္ဒိယ စတဲ့ အာရှနိုင်ငံ
ထုတ်ဓာတ်အားပမာဏအခြေပြဇယား၊(  TWh နဲ့ပါ)

 

 

 

 

 

More revenues from hydro electric power exports. Set up new industries from inviting FDI successfully with
ample and consistently stable electric power supply or maintain current
industries with cheap or free hydro power thus solving chronic unemployment.

 

 

 

IMHO and generally speaking the elite လူတော်လူကောင်းfrom Burma had mostly emigrated overseas.
The brain drain to greener pastures and more politically stable countries had left mostly
less brainy people in the old country

 

 

However, some brainy expat people themselves are blinded by အမုန်းနဲ့အညှိုး grudges and confused by
cold war propaganda.

Well established and comfy now, they forgot to look after the welfare of their less fortunate siblings left behind.
They have too many axes to grind.

What a sad and unfortunate situation.