မြစ်ဆုံရေကာတာအကြောင်း အမှားနဲ့အမှန် – – Myitsone Myths and Truths XXX

 
သမတဟောင်း Obama အိုဘားမားလက်ထက်မှာ စွမ်းအားဝန်ကြီး နှစ်ဦး ရှိခဲ့တယ်၊
နှစ်ဦးစလုံးထူးချွန်ပြောင်မြောက်ကြ သူ ပါမောက္ခတွေပါ၊
စွမ်းအားနဲ့ပတ်သက်တဲ့ရူပဗေဒဘာသာရပ်မှာပါရဂူဘွဲ့ရကြပြီးနံမယ်
ကြီး Stanford တက္ကသိုလ် မှာစာပြဋ္ဌာန ကြီးမှူး ဆရာကြီး
သုတေသီတွေ ဖစ်ခဲ့ကြတယ်

Early life and education[edit]
Moniz was born in 1944 in Fall River, Massachusetts, to Georgina (Pavão) Moniz and Ernest Perry Moniz, both of whose parents were Portuguese immigrants from São Miguel Island, Azores.[5] He graduated from Durfee High School in Fall River, Massachusetts in 1962, where he was a member of the National Honor Society and was the president of the school’s math club.[6] Moniz attended Boston College, where he received his Bachelor of Science summa cum laude in physics. He received his PhD in theoretical physics from Stanford University in 1972.[7][8]
Career[edit]
Moniz joined the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1973, serving as head of the Department of Physics from 1991 to 1995 and as director of the Bates Linear Accelerator Center.[9] He co-chairs the MIT research council. He served in the Clinton administration as Associate Director for Science in the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Executive Office of the President from 1995 to 1997.[10]
Moniz worked in the United States Department of Energy, serving as Under Secretary of Energy from 1997 to 2001.[11] Moniz is one of the founding members of The Cyprus Institute, where he and other scholars undertook the coordination, research and planning of the project. In 2013, he received the title of Doctor Honoris Causa from the Universidad Pontificia Comillas de Madrid as a recognition of his research on energy policies and technologies.[12]
U.S. Secretary of Energy (2013–present)[edit]
On May 16, 2013, his appointment was confirmed on a 97–0 vote by the Senate.[4] He succeeded Steven Chu as Secretary of Energy. Moniz was sworn in as Energy Secretary on May 21, 2013 by Deputy Energy Secretary Daniel Poneman.
Secretary Moniz played a crucial role in negotiations toward a comprehensive agreement on the Iranian nuclear program, directly negotiating technical details with the Iranian atomic energy minister Ali Akbar Salehi, an MIT graduate, and reassuring President Obama that concessions important to the Iranians would not pose a major threat.[13] The comprehensive agreement between Iran and the so-called “P5+1” (which includes the 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council, plus Germany and a representative from the European Union) was finalized on July 14, 2015, to much fanfare and criticism.[14]
Honors[edit]
PRT Order of Prince Henry – Grand Cross BAR.png Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Henry, Portugal
dhttp://www.hydro.org/news-and-media/newsroom/

စွမ်းအားဝန်ကြီး Moniz မွန်နဇ် က De Brito (ငဇင်းဂါးလို) ပါ်တူgeဇာတိနွယ်ဘွား အမေရိကန်ပေါက်ဖြစ်ပြီး၊
အနုမြူလက်နက်မပြန့်ပွါးရအောင် အီရန်နိုင်ငံနဲ့အသေးစိတ်ဆွေးနွေးပွဲက အရေးပါတဲ့အပိုင်းမှာ
ပါဝင်တာဝန်ထမ်းဆောင်နိုင်ခဲ့တယ်၊
သူ့လက်ထက်မှာ ရအားလျှပ်စစ်စီမံကိန်းမျော်မှန်းချက်ကိုပြုစုနိုင်ခဲ့ပြီး ၎င်းအစီရင်ခံစာကိုဖော်ပြပြီးဖြစ်ပါတယ်၊

Steven Chu စဗင်ချူးကမွန်နစ်ရဲ့နောင်တော်ဝန်ကြီးပါ၊သူကတရုပ်ဇာတနွယ် အမေရိကန်ပေါက်
ဖြစ်ပြီး နနံမယ်ကြီး နနိုဘယ် ဆုကိုဆွတ်ခူးခဲ့သူလဲဖြစ်ပါတယ်၊
သူတို့စွမ်းအားဝန်ကြီးနှစ်ဦးက ရေအားလျှပ်စစ်စီမံကိန်း ပေါ်လစီ က သိပ်မကွာလှပါ၊

ရေအားလျှပ်စစ်ကို (ကန့်ကွက်ဘို့နေနေသာသာ)၎င်းကို အားပေးကြတယ်၊အရေးပေးတယ်၊ရေကာတာ
အသစ် တိုးချဲ့ဆောက်တည်ဘို့ကို၎င်း၊ရိုးရိုးဆည်တွေကိုတောင်လျှပ်စစ် စွမ်းအားပါထုတ်နိုင်ဘို့ကို၎င်း
၊ဟောင်းနွမ်းတဲ့ရေကာတာတွေကိုလျှပ်စစ်ပိုထုတ်နိုင်ဘို့ကို၎င်း၊လိုလားတယ်၊ စီမံဆောင်ရွက်ကြတယ်၊

Steven စတီဗင် ကအနုမြူလျှပ်စစ်၊လေအားလျှပ်စစ် နဲ့နေအားလျှပ်စစ်ပါတိုက်တွန်းသော်လည်း
သက်ဆိုင်ရာလွှတ်တော်အမတ် အချို့က ထုတ်လုပ်မှု ကုန်ကျစရိတ် ကြီးတယ်ဆိုပြီး
လောလောဆယ် သိပ်လက်မခံချင်ပါ၊

Green Rivers Network နဲ့ဆရာဦးထွန်းလွင်တို့ရဲ့ ရေအားလျှပ်စစ် ရေကာတာ အားလုံး ရပ် ဆိုတဲ့
ဆောင်ပုဒ်နဲ့တခြားဆီပါ၊

 
 ရအားလျှပ်စစ်စွမ်းအား ဟာ ယခင်က(အရေးပါတဲ့)စွမ်းအားတရပ်
 ဖစ်ခဲ့တယ်၊ခုလဲဒီ တိုင်း၊နောင်လဲ ဒီတိုင်း(အမြဲတစေ အရေးပါမဲ့)စွမ်းအားတရပ်
 ဖစ်မှာပါဘဲ

https://morningconsult.com/opinions/hydropower-energy-source-past-present-future/

Hydropower: An Energy Source for the Past, Present, and Future
BOB GALLO | AUGUST 11, 2016
Last month, thousands of likeminded people gathered in a packed convention hall to celebrate a cause about which they care deeply. Some may think this phenomenon was exclusive to Philadelphia and the Democratic National Convention, or the Republicans in Cleveland the week before. But it also occurred in Minnesota, where the largest hydropower convention in the world — HydroVision International — took place at the Minneapolis Convention Center.
HydroVision attendees had reason for their bullishness. No other source of energy combines hydropower’s affordability, contributions to combating climate change, and job creation. Far from an old and conventional source of energy, clean and renewable hydropower is constantly evolving and searching for new methods to squeeze energy out of the approximately 80,000 U.S. dams that do not produce power. In many cases, hydropower provides backup generation to support the development of intermittent energy sources such

Steven Chu (Chinese: 朱棣文; pinyin: Zhū Dìwén,[4][5][6][7][8] born February 28, 1948)[9] is an American physicist. He is known for his research at Bell Labs and Stanford University regarding the cooling and trapping of atoms with laser light, which won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1997, along with his scientific colleagues Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William Daniel Phillips.[10]

Chu served as the 12th United States Secretary of Energy from 2009 to 2013. At the time of his appointment as Energy Secretary, Chu was a professor of physics and molecular and cellular biology at the University of California, Berkeley, and the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where his research[11][12][13] was concerned primarily with the study of biological systems at the single molecule level.[14] Chu resigned as energy secretary on April 22, 2013.[15][16][17] He returned to Stanford as Professor of Physics and Professor of Molecular & Cellular Physiology.

Chu is a vocal advocate for more research into renewable energy and nuclear power, arguing that a shift away from fossil fuels is essential to combating climate change.[18][19][20] He has conceived of a global “glucose economy”, a form of a low-carbon economy, in which glucose from tropical plants is shipped around like oil is today.[21]
Chu was born in St. Louis, Missouri,[22] with ancestry from Liuhe, Taicang, in Jiangsu, China,[23] and graduated from Garden City High School.[24] He received both a B.A. in mathematics and a B.S. in physics in 1970 from the University of Rochester. He went on to earn his Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1976, during which he was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship.[25]

Chu comes from a family of scholars. His father, Ju-Chin Chu, earned a doctorate in chemical engineering from MIT and taught at Washington University in St. Louis and Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, and his mother studied economics. His maternal grandfather, Shu-tian Li, earned a Ph.D. from Cornell University, and was a professor and president of Tianjin University (Peiyang University). His mother’s uncle, Li Shu-hua, a physical scientist, studied physics at the Sorbonne before returning to China.[10] Chu’s older brother, Gilbert Chu, is a professor of biochemistry and medicine at Stanford University. His younger brother, Morgan Chu, is a partner and former co-managing partner at the law firm Irell & Manella.[26] According to Chu, his two brothers and four cousins have four Ph.D.s, three M.D.s, and a J.D. among them.

In 1997, he married Jean Fetter, a British-American Oxford-trained physicist.[22] He has two sons, Geoffrey and Michael, from a previous marriage to Lisa Chu-Thielbar.[10]

Steven Chu lecturing.
After obtaining his doctorate remained at Berkeley as a postdoctoral researcher for two years before joining Bell Labs, where he and his several co-workers carried out his Nobel Prize-winning laser cooling work. He left Bell Labs and became a professor of physics at Stanford University in 1987,[10] serving as the chair of its Physics Department from 1990 to 1993 and from 1999 to 2001. At Stanford, Chu and three others initiated the Bio-X program, which focuses on interdisciplinary research in biology and medicine,[27] and played a key role in securing the funding for the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology.[28] In August 2004, Chu was appointed as the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy National Laboratory, and joined UC Berkeley’s Department of Physics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology.[29] Under Chu’s leadership, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has been a center of research into biofuels and solar energy.[18] He spearheaded the laboratory’s Helios project, an initiative to develop methods of harnessing solar power as a source of renewable energy for transportation.[29]

Chu’s early research focused on atomic physics by developing laser cooling techniques and the magneto-optical trapping of atoms using lasers. He and his co-workers at Bell Labs developed a way to cool atoms by employing six laser beams opposed in pairs and arranged in three directions at right angles to each other. Trapping atoms with this method allows scientists to study individual atoms with great accuracy. Additionally, the technique can be used to construct an atomic clock with great precision.[30]

At Stanford, Chu’s research interests expanded into biological physics and polymer physics at the single-molecule level. He studied enzyme activity and protein and RNA folding using techniques like fluorescence resonance energy transfer, atomic force microscopy, and optical tweezers. His polymer physics research used individual DNA molecules to study polymer dynamics and their phase transitions. He continued researching atomic physics as well and developed new methods of laser cooling and trapping.[31]

Official portrait as Energy Secretary

Steven Chu meeting with President Barack Obama on February 5, 2009.
His nomination to be Secretary of Energy was unanimously confirmed by the U.S. Senate on January 20, 2009.[44] On January 21, 2009, Chu was sworn in as Secretary of Energy in the Barack Obama administration. Chu is the first person appointed to the U.S. Cabinet after having won a Nobel Prize.[45] He is also the second Chinese American to be a member of the U.S. Cabinet, after former Secretary of Labor Elaine Chao.[46]///

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ရေအားလျှပ်စစ်ကိုနှစ်ဆဖြစ်အောင်လုပ်နိုင်တယ်၊
(နဂိုရ်က အလွန်ကြီးမှား တာကြောင့်)
ဒီလို၂ ဆ ဆိုတာက အင်မတန်ခ ကြီးမားတာ ပါဘဲ

——
This is Big: U.S. Could Double Hydropower Capacity With Minimal Impact, Says Steven Chu

http://www.treehugger.com/energy-policy/this-is-big-us-could-double-hydropower-capacity-with-minimal-impact-says-steven-chu.html

Probably a Good Place to Start

U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu said that hydropower capacity in the United States could “double with minimal impact to the environment”, mostly just by installing more efficient turbines at existing hydroelectric projects or at dams without power components, increasing the use of pumped-storage projects, and encouraging the use of run-of-the-river turbines. These kind of improvements to the existing infrastructure could apparently add 70,000 MW of capacity. “We will be pushing this,” Chu said at a White House forum. “We’re not talking about a lot of large, new reservoirs. Just work with what we have and it’s a massive amount of power.”
လက်ရှိက ၉၈၀၀ဝ MW လျှပ်စစ်စွမ်းအား ထုတ်နိုင်ခဲ့ပြီး၊လူပေါင်း
သုံးသိန်း အတွက်အလုပ်ပေးနိုင်ခဲ့တယ်၊

(၂၀၁၁ က မြန်မာ သုံး လျှပ်စစ်က ၆၀ဝ MW နဲ့ယှဉ်ရင် အဆ
ပေါင်း ၁၆ဝ ဆ ကျော်လို ဇီစေ့နဲ့မြင့်မိုရ်တောင်ပါ၊
တဘက်ကAmerican မြင့်မိုရ်တောင် နောက်တလုံး တိုးမှာဖြစ်ပြီး
တဘက်ကြတော့Myanmar လက်ထဲက ဇီးစေ့ ပါ ပျောက်သွားမလား
ရင်လေးစရာ)

Hydroworld writes:

Hydropower accounts for 6 percent of the U.S.’s electricity consumption and nearly 75 percent of renewable power, according to the Energy Information Administration, the statistical arm of the U.S. Department of Energy. But just 3 percent of the U.S.’s more than 82,000 hydroelectric projects generate electricity. Mark Garner, chief executive officer of Voith Hydro, said hydropower plants generate 98,000 MW of electricity and support about 300,000 jobs in the United States.

I think this is exactly the right approach. First, start by using what you already have before you start thinking about new projects. New large-scale hydro, if done right, would also help increase the share of renewable energy in the US. They would no doubt have an environmental impact, but inaction potentially has a much bigger impact, because if we want to replace coal, we’ll need everything we can get (wind, solar, geothermal, wave, efficiency… and hydro).

၂၀၀၉ က ဝန်ကြီး Steven စတီဗင် နာ်ဝေရေအားလျှပ်စစ် ရကာတာစက်ရုံတွေကို
လိုက်လေ့လာစဉ်